Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Practice Test

A 72-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a 3-month history of difficulty swallowing. He states that he has trouble initiating a swallow, which is often followed by coughing, choking, and sometimes nasal regurgitation. He has not experienced the sensation of food getting stuck in his chest. He has lost 5 kg (11 lb) unintentionally. His medical history is significant for a stroke 6 months ago. Physical examination reveals a hoarse voice and mild right-sided facial weakness. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?

A 58-year-old man with a 30-pack-year smoking history and daily alcohol use presents with a 4-month history of progressive dysphagia. He initially had trouble with solid foods like meat and bread, but now struggles with soft foods as well. He has lost 9 kg (20 lb) over this period. He denies heartburn or difficulty with liquids. Physical examination is unremarkable. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?