Reproductive Physiology And Development Practice Test

A 30-year-old woman at 28 weeks of gestation is diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Her blood glucose levels are consistently elevated despite dietary modifications. The obstetrician explains that certain placental hormones can contribute to a state of insulin resistance during pregnancy.

A term newborn develops central cyanosis and respiratory distress shortly after birth. Echocardiography reveals transposition of the great arteries. In the fetal period, specific circulatory shunts allow most of the blood to bypass the non-functional pulmonary circulation.