Hepatobiliary And Pancreatic Pathophysiology Practice Test

A 58-year-old man with a long history of alcohol use disorder is brought to the emergency department for vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. He reports feeling lightheaded and dizzy. His medical history is significant for cirrhosis diagnosed two years ago. On examination, his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120/min. His abdomen is distended with a positive fluid wave. Endoscopy reveals bleeding esophageal varices.

A 45-year-old woman with a history of cholelithiasis presents to the emergency department with severe, constant epigastric pain that radiates to her back. The pain started after she ate a fatty meal. She also reports nausea and vomiting. On physical examination, there is marked tenderness in the epigastrium. Laboratory studies show a serum lipase level that is five times the upper limit of normal.