Endocrine Pharmacology Practice Test

A 55-year-old man with a BMI of 32 kg/m² is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. His initial HbA1c is 7.8%. In addition to lifestyle modifications, he is started on a first-line oral medication. He has no history of heart failure or chronic kidney disease.

A 60-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease is started on a new oral medication to improve his glycemic control. Three months later, he presents to his physician complaining of a 5-kg weight gain and new-onset swelling in his feet and ankles. Physical examination confirms 2+ pitting edema of the lower extremities.