Series 7 Quiz: Compare Debt Securities
20 questions · exam conditions
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Compare Debt SecuritiesQuestion 1 of 20

Assuming similar maturities and that all are newly issued, which of the following lists of debt securities is correctly ranked from lowest expected yield to highest expected yield?

U.S. Treasury bond, FNMA bond, AAA-rated corporate bond
AAA-rated corporate bond, U.S. Treasury bond, FNMA bond
FNMA bond, U.S. Treasury bond, AAA-rated corporate bond
U.S. Treasury bond, AAA-rated corporate bond, FNMA bond
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Series 7 Quiz

Series 7 Quiz: Compare Debt Securities

Practice Compare Debt Securities in Series 7 with focused quiz questions that help you check what you know, review explanations, and build confidence with test-style prompts.

What this quiz covers

This quiz focuses on Compare Debt Securities, giving you a quick way to practice the rules, question types, and explanations that matter most for Series 7.

How to use this quiz

Try each quiz question before looking at the correct answer. Use the explanations to review missed ideas, then come back to similar questions until the pattern feels familiar.

All questions

Question 1

Assuming similar maturities and that all are newly issued, which of the following lists of debt securities is correctly ranked from lowest expected yield to highest expected yield?

  1. U.S. Treasury bond, FNMA bond, AAA-rated corporate bond (correct answer)
  2. AAA-rated corporate bond, U.S. Treasury bond, FNMA bond
  3. FNMA bond, U.S. Treasury bond, AAA-rated corporate bond
  4. U.S. Treasury bond, AAA-rated corporate bond, FNMA bond
Explanation: Yield is directly related to risk. U.S. Treasury bonds have the lowest credit risk (considered risk-free) and therefore the lowest yield. Agency bonds, like those from FNMA, have slightly more credit risk due to their implied (not direct) government backing, so they offer a slightly higher yield. High-grade (AAA) corporate bonds have the most credit risk of the three and must offer the highest yield to compensate investors.

Question 2

When comparing different debt instruments, which of the following is considered to have the highest degree of credit risk?

  1. U.S. Treasury STRIPS
  2. A debenture issued by a non-investment grade corporation (correct answer)
  3. A general obligation bond issued by the State of California
  4. A pass-through certificate issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA)
Explanation: A non-investment grade corporate debenture, also known as a high-yield or 'junk' bond, carries the highest risk of default among the choices. U.S. Treasury STRIPS are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and are considered free of credit risk. GNMA certificates are also backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. General obligation bonds from a major state are typically investment grade and have low credit risk.

Question 3

What is a primary characteristic of U.S. Treasury securities relevant to Series 7 suitability discussions?

  1. They generally have high credit quality and active secondary markets. (correct answer)
  2. They are issued only by municipalities to fund public projects.
  3. They have interest exempt from federal, state, and local taxes.
  4. They are secured by specific corporate assets and first liens.
Explanation: This question tests Series 7 competencies in comparing debt securities and structured products. Understanding the differences between corporate, government, and agency debt involves analyzing risk, yield, and tax implications. In this question, the stem specifically addresses characteristics of U.S. Treasury securities for suitability. Choice A is correct because it accurately reflects their high credit quality and liquidity. Choice C is incorrect because it reflects a common misconception about tax exemptions for Treasuries. For students, it is crucial to understand the regulatory environment and characteristics shaping each security type. Practice identifying key terms and concepts, and comparing them to multiple financial instruments.

Question 4

A client in the 28% federal tax bracket is considering a 4.5% municipal bond. To achieve the same after-tax return, what yield would a taxable corporate bond need to offer?

  1. 4.50%
  2. 3.24%
  3. 6.25% (correct answer)
  4. 5.77%
Explanation: This requires a taxable equivalent yield (TEY) calculation. The formula is: TEY = Tax-Free Yield / (1 - Federal Tax Rate). TEY = 0.045 / (1 - 0.28) = 0.045 / 0.72 = 0.0625, or 6.25%. A corporate bond would need to yield 6.25% to provide the same after-tax return as the 4.5% municipal bond for this investor.

Question 5

An investor purchases a U.S. Treasury bond in the secondary market. How is the accrued interest for this trade calculated?

  1. Based on a 30-day month and a 360-day year
  2. Based on the actual number of days in each month and a 365-day year
  3. Based on the actual number of days in the month and the actual number of days in the year (correct answer)
  4. No accrued interest is calculated as it is included in the quoted price
Explanation: Accrued interest on U.S. government securities (Treasury bonds, notes, and agency bonds) is calculated using the actual/actual day-count convention. In contrast, corporate and municipal bonds use a 30/360 day-count convention.

Question 6

A retired client seeks an investment that provides a high level of safety and regular, semi-annual income payments. Which of the following debt instruments would be most suitable for this client's objectives?

  1. An A-rated convertible corporate bond
  2. A U.S. Treasury note (correct answer)
  3. A zero-coupon corporate bond
  4. A Treasury STRIP
Explanation: A U.S. Treasury note offers the highest level of safety as it is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. It also provides regular, predictable semi-annual coupon payments. A convertible bond has more risk tied to the underlying stock and the corporation's creditworthiness. Zero-coupon bonds and STRIPS do not provide regular income payments; they are purchased at a discount and mature at par value.

Question 7

When comparing a Collateralized Mortgage Obligation (CMO) to a traditional corporate bond, a registered representative should emphasize that the CMO is subject to which unique risks?

  1. Credit risk and interest rate risk
  2. Prepayment risk and extension risk (correct answer)
  3. Reinvestment risk and purchasing power risk
  4. Liquidity risk and political risk
Explanation: While all bonds are subject to some form of the risks listed in the other options, prepayment risk and extension risk are specifically associated with mortgage-backed securities like CMOs. Prepayment risk occurs when homeowners refinance their mortgages as rates fall, causing principal to be returned to investors earlier than expected. Extension risk is the opposite, occurring when rates rise and prepayments slow down, lengthening the CMO's effective maturity.

Question 8

A bond portfolio manager expects interest rates to fall significantly over the next few years. To mitigate the specific risk associated with this forecast, the manager should prioritize investments in:

  1. callable corporate bonds trading at a premium.
  2. non-callable U.S. Treasury bonds. (correct answer)
  3. mortgage-backed securities.
  4. variable-rate demand notes.
Explanation: When interest rates fall, issuers are likely to call existing bonds with higher coupons to refinance at lower rates. This is call risk. Non-callable bonds cannot be redeemed early by the issuer, protecting the investor's stream of higher-interest payments. Callable bonds at a premium are most susceptible to being called. Mortgage-backed securities face prepayment risk, which is functionally similar to call risk in a falling rate environment. Variable-rate notes would see their coupon payments fall.

Question 9

An industrial corporation has declared bankruptcy and is liquidating its assets. Which of the following debt securities would have the lowest priority of claim on the remaining assets?

  1. Mortgage bonds
  2. Equipment trust certificates
  3. Senior debentures
  4. Subordinated debentures (correct answer)
Explanation: In a corporate liquidation, claims are paid according to a priority schedule. Secured debt (like mortgage bonds and equipment trust certificates) is paid first. Unsecured debt (debentures) is paid next. Within the category of unsecured debt, subordinated debentures have a lower claim than senior debentures, meaning they are paid only after all senior debt holders have been paid in full.

Question 10

An investor purchases a Treasury STRIP. This security differs from a coupon-bearing Treasury bond in that the STRIP:

  1. has a higher degree of reinvestment risk.
  2. pays semi-annual interest that is exempt from federal tax.
  3. eliminates reinvestment risk but generates phantom income. (correct answer)
  4. has a higher degree of credit risk than a coupon-bearing Treasury.
Explanation: Treasury STRIPS are zero-coupon bonds created from coupon-bearing Treasury securities. Because they make no periodic interest payments, there are no coupons to reinvest, thus eliminating reinvestment risk. However, the annual accretion of the discount (the imputed interest) is subject to federal income tax each year, even though no cash is received by the investor. This is known as 'phantom income'.

Question 11

A registered representative is explaining agency securities to a client. Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between a Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and a Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) security?

  1. FNMA securities are directly backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, while GNMA securities are not.
  2. Both are directly backed by the U.S. Treasury and are considered risk-free.
  3. GNMA securities are directly backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, while FNMA securities are not. (correct answer)
  4. Both are backed exclusively by the mortgage payments from the underlying pool of loans, with no government support.
Explanation: A key distinction among agency securities is the nature of their government backing. GNMA (Ginnie Mae) is the only agency whose securities are directly backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. FNMA (Fannie Mae) and FHLMC (Freddie Mac) are government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) whose securities carry an implied government backing, but not a direct, explicit guarantee.

Question 12

When comparing a corporate zero-coupon bond to a corporate coupon-bearing bond from the same issuer, the zero-coupon bond will typically exhibit:

  1. less price volatility in response to changes in market interest rates.
  2. a lower duration.
  3. no reinvestment risk. (correct answer)
  4. a higher credit rating.
Explanation: Zero-coupon bonds do not make periodic interest payments, so there are no coupons to reinvest over the life of the bond. This eliminates reinvestment risk, which is the risk that future coupon payments will have to be reinvested at lower rates. Zero-coupon bonds have higher price volatility (longer duration) than coupon bonds of the same maturity. The credit rating would be the same for bonds from the same issuer with the same seniority.

Question 13

Which of the following accurately compares a U.S. Treasury Bill (T-Bill) to a U.S. Treasury Bond (T-Bond)?

  1. T-Bills are issued at a discount to par value and mature in one year or less, while T-Bonds pay semi-annual coupons and have maturities over 10 years. (correct answer)
  2. T-Bonds are quoted on a discounted yield basis, while T-Bills are quoted in 32nds of a point.
  3. Both are sold through competitive auctions, but interest from T-Bills is exempt from federal income tax.
  4. T-Bills have significant interest-rate risk, while T-Bonds have minimal interest-rate risk.
Explanation: This question compares a short-term money market instrument with a long-term capital market instrument. T-Bills are short-term (maturities of 4, 8, 13, 26, or 52 weeks), zero-coupon instruments issued at a discount and maturing at par. T-Bonds are long-term (maturities greater than 10 years) and pay a semi-annual coupon. The other statements are incorrect: quotation methods and interest-rate risk are reversed, and interest on both is federally taxable.

Question 14

A primary difference between a General Obligation (GO) bond and an Industrial Development Revenue (IDR) bond is that:

  1. the GO bond is backed by the issuer's taxing power, while the IDR bond is backed by lease payments from a corporation. (correct answer)
  2. interest from the GO bond is always tax-exempt, while interest from the IDR bond is always taxable.
  3. GO bonds are issued by states, while IDR bonds are issued by corporations.
  4. the safety of a GO bond is determined by a feasibility study, while the safety of an IDR bond is based on the issuer's debt limit.
Explanation: The key difference lies in the source of payment and backing. GO bonds are backed by the full faith, credit, and taxing power of the municipal issuer. IDRs are a type of revenue bond where the municipality issues the bond on behalf of a corporation; the debt service is paid from the corporation's lease payments. Therefore, the creditworthiness of the IDR is based on the corporation, not the municipality.

Question 15

An investor in the 35% federal income tax bracket is seeking to maximize after-tax income. Which of the following investments would likely be the most suitable choice?

  1. A corporate bond yielding 7.0%
  2. A U.S. Treasury bond yielding 6.0%
  3. A municipal bond yielding 5.0% (correct answer)
  4. A GNMA pass-through certificate yielding 6.5%
Explanation: To compare a tax-exempt municipal bond to taxable bonds, the investor must calculate the taxable equivalent yield (TEY). The formula is TEY = Tax-Free Yield / (1 - Federal Tax Rate). In this case, TEY = 5.0% / (1 - 0.35) = 5.0% / 0.65 = 7.69%. This after-tax equivalent return is higher than the yields on the taxable corporate bond (7.0%), Treasury bond (6.0%), and GNMA certificate (6.5%).

Question 16

A U.S. Treasury note is quoted at 101:16. A corporate bond is quoted at 101 1/2. What is the dollar price difference between these two bonds, assuming a $1,000 par value?

  1. $5.00
  2. $1.60
  3. $0.00 (correct answer)
  4. $1.50
Explanation: U.S. Treasury notes and bonds are quoted in 32nds of a point. A quote of 101:16 means 101 and 16/32, which is 101.5% of par value. For a $1,000 bond, this is $1,015.00. Corporate bonds are quoted in eighths of a point. A quote of 101 1/2 is also 101.5% of par value, or $1,015.00. Therefore, the dollar prices are identical, and the difference is $0.00.

Question 17

In the event of a corporate liquidation, which of the following securities has the senior-most claim on the corporation's assets?

  1. A convertible debenture
  2. A mortgage bond (correct answer)
  3. Cumulative preferred stock
  4. An income bond
Explanation: A mortgage bond is a secured bond, backed by specific real property as collateral. Secured debt has the highest priority claim in a corporate liquidation, ahead of unsecured debt like debentures (including convertible and income bonds) and equity securities like preferred stock.

Question 18

Compared to a non-convertible bond from the same issuer with a similar maturity and credit rating, a convertible bond typically has a:

  1. higher coupon rate and a higher yield.
  2. lower coupon rate and the potential for capital appreciation. (correct answer)
  3. higher coupon rate and the potential for capital appreciation.
  4. lower coupon rate and a higher degree of credit risk.
Explanation: The conversion feature offers investors the potential for capital appreciation if the underlying stock price increases. This is a valuable benefit. In exchange for this feature, the issuer can offer a lower coupon rate than it would on a similar non-convertible ('straight') bond. The credit risk is generally the same for both bonds as they represent the same level of claim on the issuer's assets.

Question 19

What is a primary characteristic of agency debt securities?

  1. They are always backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government
  2. They are issued by federal agencies or GSEs, with credit support varying by issuer (correct answer)
  3. They are unsecured corporate obligations issued to fund general business operations
  4. They are exempt from federal income tax like most municipal securities
Explanation: This question tests Series 7 competencies in comparing debt securities and structured products. Understanding the differences between corporate, government, and agency debt involves analyzing risk, yield, and tax implications. In this question, the stem specifically addresses the issuance and credit support of agency debt securities. Choice B is correct because it accurately reflects the varying credit support for agency and GSE-issued debt. Choice A is incorrect because it reflects a common misconception that all agency debt is fully government-backed. For students, it is crucial to understand the regulatory environment and characteristics shaping each security type. Practice identifying key terms and concepts, and comparing them to multiple financial instruments.

Question 20

How do structured products differ from traditional bonds in how principal is allocated among investors?

  1. They allocate principal by tranche rules tied to collateral cash flows. (correct answer)
  2. They allocate principal only at maturity like a standard debenture.
  3. They allocate principal only through issuer stock dividends.
  4. They allocate principal through federal insurance rather than payments.
Explanation: This question tests Series 7 competencies in comparing debt securities and structured products. Understanding the differences between corporate, government, and agency debt involves analyzing risk, yield, and tax implications. In this question, the stem specifically addresses principal allocation in structured products. Choice A is correct because it accurately reflects the tranche-based allocation tied to collateral cash flows. Choice B is incorrect because it reflects a common misconception about structured products behaving like traditional debentures. For students, it is crucial to understand the regulatory environment and characteristics shaping each security type. Practice identifying key terms and concepts, and comparing them to multiple financial instruments.