All questions
Question 1
A plan fiduciary caused the plan to buy property from the company owner; what consequence could arise under prohibited transaction rules?
- Automatic IRS approval if the price seemed reasonable
- Excise taxes and possible fiduciary personal liability (correct answer)
- No issue because the plan received an asset
- Only a requirement to update the summary plan description
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question involves a fiduciary causing the plan to buy property from the company owner, a prohibited transaction. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by noting excise taxes and liability as consequences. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as assuming no issue if reasonable. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 2
A fiduciary allowed the plan to lease office space from a committee member at above-market rent; what consequence could arise?
- No consequence if the lease was disclosed to employees
- Only a requirement to file a new plan adoption agreement
- Automatic exemption because real estate is a diversifier
- Excise taxes and fiduciary liability for losses (correct answer)
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question involves leasing space at above-market rent from a committee member. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by noting excise taxes and liability. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as assuming disclosure excuses it. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 3
A committee managed a 401(k) under ERISA duties (loyalty, prudence, diversification, follow documents); which action was prohibited?
- Sending required QDIA notices to eligible employees
- Mapping a closed fund into a similar lower-fee fund
- Using plan assets to pay a fiduciary's personal legal bill (correct answer)
- Benchmarking recordkeeping fees against peers
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question identifies which action in 401(k) management is prohibited under ERISA duties. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by pointing to using plan assets for personal bills. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as mapping funds. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 4
An adviser recommended a fund because it paid the adviser's firm a marketing fee; which fiduciary duty was violated when acting in own interest?
- Duty to guarantee liquidity at all times
- Duty to follow the adviser's business plan
- Duty to avoid diversification
- Duty of loyalty to participants (correct answer)
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question addresses self-interest via marketing fees. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by identifying loyalty violation. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as avoiding diversification. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 5
An adviser to a retirement plan accepted undisclosed revenue sharing from a fund provider; which fiduciary duty was violated by acting in self-interest?
- Duty to concentrate assets for higher returns
- Duty to maximize employer profit
- Duty of loyalty and conflict avoidance (correct answer)
- Duty to follow participant preferences only
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question addresses self-interest through undisclosed revenue sharing. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by identifying loyalty and conflict breaches. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as maximizing employer profit. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 6
A 401(k) fiduciary documented fees, compared share classes, and monitored performance; how did ERISA fiduciary standards impact investment advice?
- Advice followed FINRA rules instead of ERISA
- Advice could ignore fees if returns were high
- Advice required only participant signatures
- Advice required a prudent process and reasonable expenses (correct answer)
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question explores ERISA's impact on advice through documentation and monitoring. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by requiring prudent processes. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as ignoring fees for high returns. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 7
A plan used a balanced fund as QDIA for automatic enrollment; what was the primary benefit of using a QDIA in the plan?
- It allowed any single-stock default investment
- It removed the duty to monitor the fund
- It ensured participants never lose principal
- It reduced fiduciary exposure for default investments (correct answer)
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question discusses benefits of a balanced QDIA. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by reducing exposure for defaults. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as ensuring no principal loss. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 8
A plan committee, acting under ERISA, avoided self-dealing and monitored providers; which action was considered a prohibited transaction?
- Hiring an unrelated TPA at market rates
- Using plan assets to pay the employer's legal bills (correct answer)
- Adding a low-cost bond index fund
- Sending QDIA notices before enrollment
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question identifies prohibited actions in a committee's operations. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by flagging use for employer's bills as prohibited. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as hiring unrelated parties. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 9
Employees who made no election defaulted into a QDIA defined as a diversified, long-term option; what was the primary benefit of using it?
- Guaranteed protection from all ERISA claims
- No need to diversify plan investments
- Ability to default participants into cash indefinitely
- Fiduciary relief for defaults if notice and rules met (correct answer)
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question discusses benefits of defaulting into a diversified QDIA. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by noting relief with proper notices. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as allowing indefinite cash defaults. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 10
An adviser to an ERISA plan delayed recommending cheaper share classes to keep revenue sharing; which fiduciary duty was violated?
- Duty to guarantee plan funding levels
- Duty to concentrate investments for simplicity
- Duty to follow state blue-sky registration rules
- Duty of loyalty to act solely for participants (correct answer)
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question addresses delaying cheaper options for revenue. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by identifying loyalty violation. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as concentrating investments. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 11
A 401(k) fiduciary followed ERISA duties and avoided conflicts; which of the following actions was a prohibited transaction?
- Benchmarking investment fees against peers
- Accepting a personal kickback from a plan vendor (correct answer)
- Defaulting non-electing employees into a QDIA
- Offering both index and active options
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question identifies prohibited actions amid fiduciary compliance. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by flagging personal kickbacks. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as benchmarking fees. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 12
ERISA required the committee to act prudently and solely for participants; how did fiduciary standards under ERISA impact investment advice?
- Advice required only minimal disclosure, not process
- Advice could be based on employer stock promotion
- Advice focused on best interest, not employer convenience (correct answer)
- Advice was optional if the plan used a QDIA
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question examines ERISA's role in advice for participant benefit. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by prioritizing best interest. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as basing on employer stock. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 13
A fiduciary used plan assets to buy employer stock to support the share price; what consequence could arise from prohibited transaction violations?
- Automatic protection because it helped the company
- Excise taxes, correction, and potential personal liability (correct answer)
- No issue if participants held diversified funds too
- Only a requirement to amend the investment policy statement
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question involves using plan assets to buy employer stock to support price. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by noting excise taxes, correction, and liability. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as assuming company benefit excuses it. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 14
An adviser steered a plan into proprietary funds to meet sales goals, not participant needs; which fiduciary duty was violated?
- Duty to follow SEC custody rules only
- Duty to avoid all active management
- Duty of loyalty and acting solely for participants (correct answer)
- Duty to keep all assets in cash equivalents
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question addresses steering to proprietary funds for sales goals. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by identifying loyalty breach. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as avoiding active management. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 15
A QDIA was defined as a compliant default investment for non-electing employees; what was the primary benefit of using it?
- It allowed the employer to select any stock as default
- It prevented participants from ever changing investments
- It reduced fiduciary liability for defaulted investments if requirements were met (correct answer)
- It removed the need to monitor the default investment
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question defines a QDIA and asks for its primary benefit in default investments. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by highlighting reduced liability if requirements are met. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as allowing any stock. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 16
A fiduciary caused the plan to buy services from an affiliate at inflated prices; what consequence could arise from prohibited transaction violations?
- No consequence if disclosure occurred after the fact
- The transaction became valid after board approval
- Only participants, not regulators, could object
- Fiduciary may owe repayment and face civil penalties (correct answer)
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question covers consequences of inflated affiliate services. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by noting repayment and penalties. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as validity after approval. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 17
A fiduciary approved plan payments for the owner's personal consulting invoice; what consequence could arise from failing prohibited transaction rules?
- No issue if the owner was also a participant
- Automatic qualification as a QDIA correction
- Potential excise taxes and fiduciary repayment obligations (correct answer)
- Only disclosure to employees was required
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question covers consequences of approving personal payments. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by noting taxes and repayments. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as no issue if owner participates. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 18
A plan defaulted non-electing participants into a QDIA, defined as a diversified default option; what was the primary benefit?
- It allowed defaulting into any employer-selected stock
- It required participants to remain in the default forever
- It created fiduciary safe-harbor protection for defaults (correct answer)
- It eliminated the need to provide fee disclosures
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question discusses benefits of defaulting into a QDIA. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by creating safe-harbor protection. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as requiring permanent defaults. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 19
A plan fiduciary approved a loan from the plan to the company to cover payroll; what consequence could arise from this prohibited transaction?
- No consequence if the company intended to repay later
- Excise taxes and requirement to correct the transaction (correct answer)
- Only a need to notify participants after year-end
- Automatic exemption because it benefited employees indirectly
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question involves approving a loan from the plan to the company, a prohibited transaction. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by noting excise taxes and correction as consequences. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as assuming repayment intent excuses it. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.
Question 20
A committee used an IPS, compared fees, and documented decisions; how did ERISA fiduciary standards impact investment advice provided?
- Advice followed only employer directives, not participants
- Advice required only that investments be popular
- Advice required prudence, documentation, and conflict management (correct answer)
- Advice was exempt because participants chose investments
Explanation: This question tests understanding of fiduciary standards under ERISA, focusing on prohibited transactions and QDIA principles. Fiduciary standards require acting in the best interest of plan participants; prohibited transactions are those that benefit parties other than the participants. In this scenario, the question explores ERISA's impact through IPS and documentation. The correct answer reflects a precise application of the fiduciary standard by requiring prudence and management. A common distractor fails by misrepresenting fiduciary duties as optional or incorrectly identifying a transaction as permissible, such as following only employer directives. To teach this concept, emphasize the importance of understanding ERISA's prohibited transaction rules and the role of QDIAs in fiduciary planning. Practice identifying fiduciary breaches in varied scenarios.