All questions
Question 1
A broker-dealer acting as a principal in a trade with a customer would earn compensation in the form of a:
- commission.
- markup or markdown. (correct answer)
- custodial fee.
- advisory fee.
Explanation: A principal trade involves the broker-dealer trading from its own inventory. When selling to a customer, it adds a markup to the price. When buying from a customer, it applies a markdown. Commissions are charged for agency trades.
Question 2
An investor has a short position in ABC stock, which is currently trading at $30 per share. To limit their potential loss if the stock price increases, the investor should place a:
- buy stop order. (correct answer)
- sell stop order.
- buy limit order.
- sell limit order.
Explanation: A short seller profits when a stock's price falls. To limit losses from a rising stock price, the investor would place a buy stop order above the current market price. If the stock trades at or above the stop price, the order is triggered to buy back the shares and close the short position.
Question 3
Which of the following order types combines the features of a stop order and a limit order?
- Market-if-touched
- Good-'til-Canceled
- Stop-limit (correct answer)
- All-or-none
Explanation: A stop-limit order has two prices: a stop price that triggers the order, and a limit price that specifies the price ceiling (for a buy) or floor (for a sell) for execution. Once the stop price is reached, the order becomes a limit order rather than a market order.
Question 4
An investor owns a stock trading at $25 and wants to sell it, but only if the price rises to $28 or higher. Which order should the investor place?
- A sell limit order at $28 (correct answer)
- A sell stop order at $28
- A buy limit order at $28
- A buy stop order at $28
Explanation: A sell limit order is placed above the current market price and instructs the broker to sell at the limit price or higher. This allows the investor to lock in a target selling price if the stock appreciates.
Question 5
A customer's trade confirmation must disclose the capacity in which the broker-dealer acted. This means the confirmation will state whether the firm acted as:
- a solicited or unsolicited broker.
- a discretionary or non-discretionary manager.
- an agent or a principal. (correct answer)
- a retail or institutional firm.
Explanation: SEC rules require that a trade confirmation disclose the firm's capacity in the trade. This means clearly stating whether the firm acted as an agent (broker) for the customer or as a principal (dealer) by trading from its own account.
Question 6
An order where the customer provides the asset, action, and amount is best described as:
- a discretionary order.
- a non-discretionary order. (correct answer)
- a principal order.
- an agency order.
Explanation: A non-discretionary order is one where the customer specifies all three elements of the trade: the Asset (security), the Action (buy or sell), and the Amount (number of shares or dollar value). The representative only has discretion over price and time of execution.
Question 7
A broker-dealer that matches a customer's buy order with another customer's sell order for the same security is acting in what capacity?
- Principal
- Underwriter
- Market Maker
- Agency (correct answer)
Explanation: When a firm acts as a middleman to facilitate a trade between two customers, it is not using its own inventory. Therefore, it is acting in an agency (or broker) capacity and would charge a commission to both customers for the service.
Question 8
A stop order to buy, placed above the current market price, would be used by an investor who is:
- bullish and wants to buy at a lower price.
- bearish and has a short position. (correct answer)
- bearish and wants to sell at a higher price.
- bullish and owns the stock.
Explanation: A buy stop order is used to limit losses on a short position. An investor with a short position is bearish (believes the stock price will fall). If the price rises instead, the buy stop order is triggered to buy back the shares and cap the investor's loss.
Question 9
A market maker that lowers its bid price for a security after a customer attempts to sell at that price may be engaging in:
- front running.
- acting as an agent.
- backing away. (correct answer)
- placing a limit order.
Explanation: Backing away is a prohibited practice where a market maker fails to honor its firm quote. By lowering the bid price when a seller appears, the market maker is not honoring its published quote.
Question 10
An investor places an order to buy 100 shares of XYZ stock but specifies that the trade should only be executed at a price of $50.00 or lower. Which type of order has the investor placed?
- Market order
- Limit order (correct answer)
- Stop order
- Stop-limit order
Explanation: A limit order is an order to buy or sell a stock at a specific price or better. For a buy limit order, 'better' means a lower price. The investor has set a maximum price they are willing to pay, which is the defining characteristic of a buy limit order.
Question 11
When a broker-dealer acts in an agency capacity for a customer's transaction, the firm is compensated through a:
- markup on the security's price.
- commission charged for the service. (correct answer)
- markdown from the security's price.
- profit from its own inventory.
Explanation: In an agency capacity, the broker-dealer acts as a middleman, or agent, connecting a buyer and a seller. For this service, the firm charges a commission. Markups and markdowns are associated with principal transactions where the firm trades from its own inventory.
Question 12
An investor who wants to buy a stock immediately, without regard to the price, should place which type of order?
- Market order (correct answer)
- Limit order
- Stop order
- Good-'til-Canceled (GTC) order
Explanation: A market order is an instruction to execute a trade immediately at the best available market price. It prioritizes speed of execution over price control. Limit, stop, and GTC orders all have price or time contingencies that may prevent immediate execution.
Question 13
A brokerage firm fills a customer's buy order by selling shares that the firm owned in its own inventory. In this transaction, the firm acted as a:
- trustee.
- agent.
- principal. (correct answer)
- custodian.
Explanation: When a broker-dealer buys or sells securities for its own account (inventory), it is acting in a principal capacity. The firm is a direct party to the trade with the customer. An agent, by contrast, facilitates a trade between two other parties.
Question 14
What is the primary risk associated with a limit order?
- The execution price may be unfavorable.
- The order may not be executed if the market price does not reach the limit price. (correct answer)
- The commission charged is significantly higher than for a market order.
- The order will execute immediately regardless of the price.
Explanation: While a limit order provides price protection, its primary risk is that the market may not reach the specified limit price, resulting in the order not being executed. Market orders guarantee execution but not price; limit orders guarantee price (if executed) but not execution.
Question 15
A trade where the broker-dealer charges a markdown is one where the firm acted as:
- agent and bought securities for a customer.
- agent and sold securities for a customer.
- principal and sold securities to a customer.
- principal and bought securities from a customer. (correct answer)
Explanation: Markdowns are used in principal transactions. Specifically, when a broker-dealer buys a security from a customer for its own inventory, it will pay the customer a price that is marked down from the current market price. The markdown represents the firm's profit on the trade.
Question 16
An order that is entered to remain active on the broker's book until it is either executed or canceled by the client is a:
- Day order
- Market order
- Fill-or-Kill (FOK) order
- Good-'til-Canceled (GTC) order (correct answer)
Explanation: A Good-'til-Canceled (GTC) order remains in effect until the investor cancels it or it is filled. In contrast, a day order expires at the end of the trading day if not executed.
Question 17
Which choice best describes execution and pricing for a market order?
- Execution only after a stop is reached, with a guaranteed stop price
- Best price guarantee, but execution is not certain
- Execution only at the customer's limit, with no price variation
- Best chance of execution, but price may vary from the last quote (correct answer)
Explanation: This question tests the ability to differentiate order types and trade capacities, a key skill for SIE candidates. Understanding order types, such as market, limit, and stop orders, is crucial for executing trades effectively. In this question, the details provided illustrate execution and pricing for market orders. The correct answer choice identifies the specific characteristics or scenarios applicable to the order type or trade capacity in question, showing comprehension of their practical use. A common distractor might incorrectly attribute characteristics of one order type to another, which is a frequent error among students. To master this skill, practice distinguishing order types by their execution conditions and trade implications. Encourage students to apply these concepts through mock trading scenarios to reinforce understanding.
Question 18
A buy stop order is typically placed where relative to the current market price?
- Below the market, to buy on weakness at a lower price
- At the market, to guarantee an immediate fill at the quote
- Above the market, to buy if the price rises to the stop (correct answer)
- Below the market, to trigger only if the price rises first
Explanation: This question tests the ability to differentiate order types and trade capacities, a key skill for SIE candidates. Understanding order types, such as market, limit, and stop orders, is crucial for executing trades effectively. In this question, the details provided illustrate placement of buy stop orders. The correct answer choice identifies the specific characteristics or scenarios applicable to the order type or trade capacity in question, showing comprehension of their practical use. A common distractor might incorrectly attribute characteristics of one order type to another, which is a frequent error among students. To master this skill, practice distinguishing order types by their execution conditions and trade implications. Encourage students to apply these concepts through mock trading scenarios to reinforce understanding.
Question 19
A market order to sell is executed at the best available:
- bid price. (correct answer)
- ask price.
- stop price.
- limit price.
Explanation: Investors sell at the bid price and buy at the ask (or offer) price. A market order to sell will be filled immediately at the highest current bid price available in the market.
Question 20
A customer calls their broker and says, 'I saw an article about Acme Inc. Please buy 500 shares for my account immediately.' The broker has never discussed Acme Inc. with this customer before. This transaction is considered a(n):
- unsolicited trade. (correct answer)
- solicited trade.
- discretionary trade.
- principal trade.
Explanation: An unsolicited trade is one that is initiated by the customer without any recommendation from the broker-dealer or its representatives. The order ticket must be marked as 'unsolicited'.