Multivariable Calculus Quiz: Sketching Regions And Bounds
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Sketching Regions And BoundsQuestion 1 of 15

The region RR is bounded by the curves xy=1xy = 1, xy=4xy = 4, y=xy = x, and y=4xy = 4x. Using the transformation u=xyu = xy and v=y/xv = y/x, what are the bounds for the transformed region in the uvuv-plane?

1≤u≤4,1≤v≤41 \leq u \leq 4, \quad 1 \leq v \leq 4
1≤u≤4,1/4≤v≤11 \leq u \leq 4, \quad 1/4 \leq v \leq 1
1≤u≤4,1≤v≤21 \leq u \leq 4, \quad 1 \leq v \leq 2
1/4≤u≤1,1≤v≤41/4 \leq u \leq 1, \quad 1 \leq v \leq 4
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Multivariable Calculus Quiz

Multivariable Calculus Quiz: Sketching Regions And Bounds

Practice Sketching Regions And Bounds in Multivariable Calculus with focused quiz questions that help you check what you know, review explanations, and build confidence with test-style prompts.

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This quiz focuses on Sketching Regions And Bounds, giving you a quick way to practice the rules, question types, and explanations that matter most for Multivariable Calculus.

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Question 1

The region RR is bounded by the curves xy=1xy = 1, xy=4xy = 4, y=xy = x, and y=4xy = 4x. Using the transformation u=xyu = xy and v=y/xv = y/x, what are the bounds for the transformed region in the uvuv-plane?

  1. 1≤u≤4,1≤v≤41 \leq u \leq 4, \quad 1 \leq v \leq 4 (correct answer)
  2. 1≤u≤4,1/4≤v≤11 \leq u \leq 4, \quad 1/4 \leq v \leq 1
  3. 1≤u≤4,1≤v≤21 \leq u \leq 4, \quad 1 \leq v \leq 2
  4. 1/4≤u≤1,1≤v≤41/4 \leq u \leq 1, \quad 1 \leq v \leq 4
Explanation: Under the transformation u=xyu = xy and v=y/xv = y/x, let's see how each boundary curve transforms: The curves xy=1xy = 1 and xy=4xy = 4 become u=1u = 1 and u=4u = 4 respectively. The curve y=xy = x gives v=y/x=x/x=1v = y/x = x/x = 1. The curve y=4xy = 4x gives v=y/x=4x/x=4v = y/x = 4x/x = 4. Therefore, the transformed region is 1≤u≤41 \leq u \leq 4 and 1≤v≤41 \leq v \leq 4. Choice B incorrectly computes the vv bounds by taking reciprocals. Choice C incorrectly limits the upper vv bound. Choice D swaps the uu and vv ranges incorrectly.

Question 2

Let RR be the region in the xyxy-plane that lies inside the cardioid r=1+cos⁡θr = 1 + \cos\theta and outside the circle r=1r=1. Which iterated integral in polar coordinates gives the volume of the solid under the surface z=yz=y and above the region RR?

  1. ∫−π/2π/2∫11+cos⁡θr2sin⁡θ dr dθ\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \int_1^{1+\cos\theta} r^2 \sin\theta \, dr \, d\theta (correct answer)
  2. ∫−π/2π/2∫11+cos⁡θrsin⁡θ dr dθ\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \int_1^{1+\cos\theta} r \sin\theta \, dr \, d\theta
  3. ∫02π∫11+cos⁡θr2sin⁡θ dr dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_1^{1+\cos\theta} r^2 \sin\theta \, dr \, d\theta
  4. ∫−π/2π/2∫11+cos⁡θr2cos⁡θ dr dθ\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \int_1^{1+\cos\theta} r^2 \cos\theta \, dr \, d\theta
Explanation: The region of integration RR is defined by the bounds of rr and θ\theta. The curves intersect when 1=1+cos⁡θ1 = 1 + \cos\theta, which means cos⁡θ=0\cos\theta = 0. This occurs at θ=−π/2\theta = -\pi/2 and θ=π/2\theta = \pi/2. So, the bounds for θ\theta are from −π/2-\pi/2 to π/2\pi/2. For any such θ\theta, rr ranges from the inner circle r=1r=1 to the outer cardioid r=1+cos⁡θr=1+\cos\theta. The volume is given by the double integral of the height function z=yz=y over RR. In polar coordinates, y=rsin⁡θy=r\sin\theta, and the area element is dA=r dr dθdA = r \, dr \, d\theta. The integrand is thus (rsin⁡θ)⋅r=r2sin⁡θ(r\sin\theta) \cdot r = r^2\sin\theta. Combining these gives the integral ∫−π/2π/2∫11+cos⁡θr2sin⁡θ dr dθ\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \int_1^{1+\cos\theta} r^2 \sin\theta \, dr \, d\theta.

Question 3

Let RR be the trapezoidal region in the xyxy-plane with vertices (1,0),(2,0),(0,2),(0,1)(1,0), (2,0), (0,2), (0,1). Using the transformation u=x+yu=x+y and v=y−xv=y-x, the integral ∬R(x+y) dA\iint_R (x+y) \, dA is transformed into which of the following integrals over a region SS in the uvuv-plane?

  1. ∫12∫−uu12u dv du\int_1^2 \int_{-u}^{u} \frac{1}{2} u \, dv \, du (correct answer)
  2. ∫12∫u−22−u2u dv du\int_1^2 \int_{u-2}^{2-u} 2 u \, dv \, du
  3. ∫12∫−uuu dv du\int_1^2 \int_{-u}^{u} u \, dv \, du
  4. ∫02∫1−v2−v12u du dv\int_0^2 \int_{1-v}^{2-v} \frac{1}{2} u \, du \, dv
Explanation: First, we transform the boundaries of RR. The vertices define the lines y=0y=0, x=0x=0, x+y=1x+y=1, and x+y=2x+y=2. In terms of uu and vv: x+y=ux+y=u means two boundaries are u=1u=1 and u=2u=2. The line y=0y=0 means u=x,v=−xu=x, v=-x, so v=−uv=-u. The line x=0x=0 means u=y,v=yu=y, v=y, so v=uv=u. The region SS in the uvuv-plane is bounded by u=1,u=2,v=−u,v=uu=1, u=2, v=-u, v=u. Next, we find the Jacobian of the transformation from (u,v)(u,v) to (x,y)(x,y). We need xx and yy in terms of uu and vv. Adding the transformations gives u+v=2y  ⟹  y=(u+v)/2u+v=2y \implies y=(u+v)/2. Subtracting gives u−v=2x  ⟹  x=(u−v)/2u-v=2x \implies x=(u-v)/2. The Jacobian determinant is J=det⁡(∂x/∂u∂x/∂v∂y/∂u∂y/∂v)=det⁡(1/2−1/21/21/2)=1/4−(−1/4)=1/2J = \det \begin{pmatrix} \partial x/\partial u & \partial x/\partial v \\ \partial y/\partial u & \partial y/\partial v \end{pmatrix} = \det \begin{pmatrix} 1/2 & -1/2 \\ 1/2 & 1/2 \end{pmatrix} = 1/4 - (-1/4) = 1/2. The integrand (x+y)(x+y) becomes uu. So the integral is ∬Su∣J∣ dAuv=∫12∫−uuu⋅12 dv du\iint_S u |J| \, dA_{uv} = \int_1^2 \int_{-u}^{u} u \cdot \frac{1}{2} \, dv \, du.

Question 4

Let RR be the region in the first quadrant defined by the inequalities 1≤x2+y2≤41 \le x^2+y^2 \le 4 and y≤x≤3yy \le x \le \sqrt{3}y. Which of the following integrals in polar coordinates represents the area of RR?

  1. ∫π/6π/4∫14r dr dθ\int_{\pi/6}^{\pi/4} \int_1^4 r \, dr \, d\theta
  2. ∫π/4π/3∫12r dr dθ\int_{\pi/4}^{\pi/3} \int_1^2 r \, dr \, d\theta
  3. ∫π/6π/4∫12r dr dθ\int_{\pi/6}^{\pi/4} \int_1^2 r \, dr \, d\theta (correct answer)
  4. ∫π/4π/3∫121 dr dθ\int_{\pi/4}^{\pi/3} \int_1^2 1 \, dr \, d\theta
Explanation: When converting a region from Cartesian to polar coordinates, you need to carefully translate each boundary condition and remember that area integrals in polar coordinates always include the Jacobian factor rr. Let's analyze each boundary of region RR. The condition 1≤x2+y2≤41 \le x^2+y^2 \le 4 becomes 1≤r2≤41 \le r^2 \le 4, so 1≤r≤21 \le r \le 2. The linear boundaries y≤xy \le x and x≤3yx \le \sqrt{3}y require converting to polar form using x=rcos⁡θx = r\cos\theta and y=rsin⁡θy = r\sin\theta. For y≤xy \le x: rsin⁡θ≤rcos⁡θr\sin\theta \le r\cos\theta, which simplifies to tan⁡θ≤1\tan\theta \le 1, giving us θ≤π/4\theta \le \pi/4. For x≤3yx \le \sqrt{3}y: rcos⁡θ≤3rsin⁡θr\cos\theta \le \sqrt{3}r\sin\theta, which simplifies to cot⁡θ≤3\cot\theta \le \sqrt{3}, so tan⁡θ≥1/3\tan\theta \ge 1/\sqrt{3}, giving us θ≥π/6\theta \ge \pi/6. Therefore, π/6≤θ≤π/4\pi/6 \le \theta \le \pi/4 and 1≤r≤21 \le r \le 2. The area integral is ∫π/6π/4∫12r dr dθ\int_{\pi/6}^{\pi/4} \int_1^2 r \, dr \, d\theta, which is choice C. Choice A has the wrong rr limits (4 instead of 2). Choice B uses incorrect θ\theta limits (π/4\pi/4 to π/3\pi/3 instead of π/6\pi/6 to π/4\pi/4). Choice D is missing the crucial Jacobian factor rr in the integrand. Key strategy: Always sketch the region first, then systematically convert each boundary. Remember that area in polar coordinates requires the factor rr, and double-check your angle conversions using basic trigonometric values.

Question 5

The region RR in the xyxy-plane is defined by x2+y2≤9x^2 + y^2 \leq 9, x2+y2≥1x^2 + y^2 \geq 1, and x+y≥0x + y \geq 0. Which of the following polar coordinate setups correctly represents ∬Rf(x,y) dA\iint_R f(x,y) \, dA?

  1. ∫−π/43π/4∫13f(rcos⁡θ,rsin⁡θ) r dr dθ\int_{-\pi/4}^{3\pi/4} \int_1^3 f(r\cos\theta, r\sin\theta) \, r \, dr \, d\theta (correct answer)
  2. ∫−3π/4π/4∫13f(rcos⁡θ,rsin⁡θ) r dr dθ\int_{-3\pi/4}^{\pi/4} \int_1^3 f(r\cos\theta, r\sin\theta) \, r \, dr \, d\theta
  3. ∫0π∫13f(rcos⁡θ,rsin⁡θ) r dr dθ\int_0^{\pi} \int_1^3 f(r\cos\theta, r\sin\theta) \, r \, dr \, d\theta
  4. ∫π/45π/4∫13f(rcos⁡θ,rsin⁡θ) r dr dθ\int_{\pi/4}^{5\pi/4} \int_1^3 f(r\cos\theta, r\sin\theta) \, r \, dr \, d\theta
Explanation: The region is an annulus (1≤r≤31 \leq r \leq 3) intersected with the half-plane x+y≥0x + y \geq 0. In polar coordinates, x+y≥0x + y \geq 0 becomes rcos⁡θ+rsin⁡θ≥0r\cos\theta + r\sin\theta \geq 0, which simplifies to r(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)≥0r(\cos\theta + \sin\theta) \geq 0. Since r>0r > 0, we need cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ≥0\cos\theta + \sin\theta \geq 0. This occurs when sin⁡θ≥−cos⁡θ\sin\theta \geq -\cos\theta, or tan⁡θ≥−1\tan\theta \geq -1. This inequality is satisfied when θ∈[−π/4+2πk,3π/4+2πk]\theta \in [-\pi/4 + 2\pi k, 3\pi/4 + 2\pi k] for integer kk. Taking the principal range, we get θ∈[−π/4,3π/4]\theta \in [-\pi/4, 3\pi/4]. The radial bounds are simply 1≤r≤31 \leq r \leq 3. Choice B has the wrong angular range. Choice C includes regions where x+y<0x + y < 0. Choice D has an incorrect angular range that misses part of the region.

Question 6

Consider the region RR bounded by the cylinder x2+y2=4x^2 + y^2 = 4 and the planes z=0z = 0, z=2z = 2, and x+y+z=3x + y + z = 3. Using cylindrical coordinates, which integral setup correctly computes the volume of RR?

  1. ∫02π∫02∫0min⁡(2,3−rcos⁡θ−rsin⁡θ)r dz dr dθ\int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^2 \int_0^{\min(2, 3-r\cos\theta-r\sin\theta)} r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta
  2. ∫02π∫02∫max⁡(0,3−rcos⁡θ−rsin⁡θ)2r dz dr dθ\int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^2 \int_{\max(0, 3-r\cos\theta-r\sin\theta)}^2 r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta (correct answer)
  3. ∫02π∫02∫02r dz dr dθ\int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^2 \int_0^2 r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta
  4. ∫02π∫02∫3−rcos⁡θ−rsin⁡θ2r dz dr dθ\int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^2 \int_{3-r\cos\theta-r\sin\theta}^2 r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta
Explanation: The region is inside the cylinder x2+y2=4x^2 + y^2 = 4 (so 0≤r≤20 \leq r \leq 2) and bounded by three planes. In cylindrical coordinates: z=0z = 0, z=2z = 2, and x+y+z=3x + y + z = 3 becomes rcos⁡θ+rsin⁡θ+z=3r\cos\theta + r\sin\theta + z = 3, or z=3−rcos⁡θ−rsin⁡θz = 3 - r\cos\theta - r\sin\theta. The region exists where all constraints are satisfied simultaneously. For the zz bounds, we need z≥0z \geq 0, z≤2z \leq 2, and the plane constraint. The plane x+y+z=3x + y + z = 3 can either provide an upper bound (when 3−rcos⁡θ−rsin⁡θ<23 - r\cos\theta - r\sin\theta < 2) or a lower bound (when 3−rcos⁡θ−rsin⁡θ>03 - r\cos\theta - r\sin\theta > 0). The lower bound for zz is max⁡(0,3−rcos⁡θ−rsin⁡θ)\max(0, 3 - r\cos\theta - r\sin\theta), and the upper bound is 22. This is because when 3−rcos⁡θ−rsin⁡θ>03 - r\cos\theta - r\sin\theta > 0, the plane is above z=0z = 0, so we start from the plane. When 3−rcos⁡θ−rsin⁡θ≤03 - r\cos\theta - r\sin\theta \leq 0, we start from z=0z = 0. Choice A uses min instead of max and has the wrong upper bound. Choice C ignores the plane constraint entirely. Choice D doesn't use the max function and could give negative lower bounds.

Question 7

Let EE be the solid region bounded by the paraboloid z=x2+y2z=x^2+y^2 and the plane z=2x+3z=2x+3. Which of the following describes the projection of EE onto the xyxy-plane?

  1. The disk defined by x2+y2≤3x^2+y^2 \le 3.
  2. The disk defined by (x−1)2+y2≤4(x-1)^2+y^2 \le 4. (correct answer)
  3. The region bounded by the parabola y2=2x+3y^2=2x+3.
  4. The region under the line y=2x+3y=2x+3 in the first quadrant.
Explanation: The projection of the solid region EE onto the xyxy-plane is determined by the intersection of its bounding surfaces. We set the zz-values equal to find the curve of intersection: x2+y2=2x+3x^2+y^2 = 2x+3. To identify this curve, we can complete the square for the xx terms: x2−2x+y2=3  ⟹  (x2−2x+1)+y2=3+1  ⟹  (x−1)2+y2=4x^2 - 2x + y^2 = 3 \implies (x^2 - 2x + 1) + y^2 = 3 + 1 \implies (x-1)^2 + y^2 = 4. This is the equation of a circle in the xyxy-plane centered at (1,0)(1,0) with a radius of 22. The projection is the region enclosed by this circle, which is the disk defined by the inequality (x−1)2+y2≤4(x-1)^2+y^2 \le 4.

Question 8

Consider the iterated integral I=∫01∫y2−yf(x,y) dx dyI = \int_0^1 \int_{\sqrt{y}}^{2-y} f(x,y) \, dx \, dy. Which of the following expressions is equivalent to II when the order of integration is reversed?

  1. ∫01∫x22−xf(x,y) dy dx\int_0^1 \int_{x^2}^{2-x} f(x,y) \, dy \, dx
  2. ∫02∫0x2f(x,y) dy dx\int_0^2 \int_0^{x^2} f(x,y) \, dy \, dx
  3. ∫01∫0x2f(x,y) dy dx+∫12∫02−xf(x,y) dy dx\int_0^1 \int_0^{x^2} f(x,y) \, dy \, dx + \int_1^2 \int_0^{2-x} f(x,y) \, dy \, dx (correct answer)
  4. ∫01∫0y2f(x,y) dy dx+∫12∫02−yf(x,y) dy dx\int_0^1 \int_0^{y^2} f(x,y) \, dy \, dx + \int_1^2 \int_0^{2-y} f(x,y) \, dy \, dx
Explanation: The region of integration is defined by 0≤y≤10 \le y \le 1 and y≤x≤2−y\sqrt{y} \le x \le 2-y. The left boundary is x=yx=\sqrt{y} (or y=x2y=x^2 for x≥0x \ge 0) and the right boundary is x=2−yx=2-y (or y=2−xy=2-x). The intersection of these curves occurs when x2=2−xx^2 = 2-x, which gives x2+x−2=0x^2+x-2=0, or (x+2)(x−1)=0(x+2)(x-1)=0. Since x=y≥0x=\sqrt{y} \ge 0, the intersection is at x=1x=1, which corresponds to y=1y=1. To reverse the order of integration, we must express the bounds of yy as functions of xx. The region must be split at x=1x=1. For 0≤x≤10 \le x \le 1, the region is bounded below by y=0y=0 and above by the parabola y=x2y=x^2. For 1≤x≤21 \le x \le 2, the region is bounded below by y=0y=0 and above by the line y=2−xy=2-x. This leads to the sum of two integrals: ∫01∫0x2f(x,y) dy dx+∫12∫02−xf(x,y) dy dx\int_0^1 \int_0^{x^2} f(x,y) \, dy \, dx + \int_1^2 \int_0^{2-x} f(x,y) \, dy \, dx.

Question 9

A solid region EE lies above the cone z=x2+y2z = \sqrt{x^2+y^2} and below the sphere x2+y2+z2=zx^2+y^2+z^2=z. Which of the following integrals in spherical coordinates represents the volume of EE?

  1. ∫02π∫0π/4∫01ρ2sin⁡ϕ dρ dϕ dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi/4} \int_{0}^{1} \rho^2\sin\phi \, d\rho \, d\phi \, d\theta
  2. ∫02π∫0π/2∫0cos⁡ϕρ2sin⁡ϕ dρ dϕ dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \int_{0}^{\cos\phi} \rho^2\sin\phi \, d\rho \, d\phi \, d\theta
  3. ∫02π∫π/4π/2∫0cos⁡ϕρ2sin⁡ϕ dρ dϕ dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{\pi/4}^{\pi/2} \int_{0}^{\cos\phi} \rho^2\sin\phi \, d\rho \, d\phi \, d\theta
  4. ∫02π∫0π/4∫0cos⁡ϕρ2sin⁡ϕ dρ dϕ dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi/4} \int_{0}^{\cos\phi} \rho^2\sin\phi \, d\rho \, d\phi \, d\theta (correct answer)
Explanation: First, convert the boundary equations to spherical coordinates. The cone z=x2+y2z = \sqrt{x^2+y^2} becomes ρcos⁡ϕ=(ρsin⁡ϕ)2=ρsin⁡ϕ\rho\cos\phi = \sqrt{(\rho\sin\phi)^2} = \rho\sin\phi, which simplifies to tan⁡ϕ=1\tan\phi=1, so ϕ=π/4\phi=\pi/4. The region is 'above' the cone, meaning angles are between the zz-axis and the cone, so 0≤ϕ≤π/40 \le \phi \le \pi/4. The sphere x2+y2+z2=zx^2+y^2+z^2=z becomes ρ2=ρcos⁡ϕ\rho^2 = \rho\cos\phi, which simplifies to ρ=cos⁡ϕ\rho=\cos\phi. This defines the outer boundary for ρ\rho. The region is symmetric about the zz-axis, so 0≤θ≤2π0 \le \theta \le 2\pi. The volume element in spherical coordinates is dV=ρ2sin⁡ϕ dρ dϕ dθdV = \rho^2\sin\phi \, d\rho \, d\phi \, d\theta. Therefore, the volume is given by the integral ∫02π∫0π/4∫0cos⁡ϕρ2sin⁡ϕ dρ dϕ dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi/4} \int_{0}^{\cos\phi} \rho^2\sin\phi \, d\rho \, d\phi \, d\theta.

Question 10

The iterated integral I=∫01∫arcsin⁡yπ−arcsin⁡yf(x,y) dx dyI = \int_0^1 \int_{\arcsin y}^{\pi - \arcsin y} f(x,y) \, dx \, dy is taken over a region RR. Which of the following accurately describes the region RR?

  1. The region bounded by y=0y=0, y=1y=1, x=0x=0, and x=πx=\pi.
  2. The region bounded by the xx-axis and the curve y=sin⁡(x)y=\sin(x) for 0≤x≤π0 \le x \le \pi. (correct answer)
  3. The region bounded by the yy-axis and the curve x=sin⁡(y)x=\sin(y) for 0≤y≤π0 \le y \le \pi.
  4. The region in the first quadrant bounded by the circle x2+y2=1x^2+y^2=1.
Explanation: The bounds of integration are 0≤y≤10 \le y \le 1 and arcsin⁡y≤x≤π−arcsin⁡y\arcsin y \le x \le \pi - \arcsin y. Let's analyze the bounds for xx. The left boundary is x=arcsin⁡yx = \arcsin y, which is equivalent to y=sin⁡xy = \sin x for x∈[0,π/2]x \in [0, \pi/2]. The right boundary is x=π−arcsin⁡yx = \pi - \arcsin y. If we take the sine of both sides, sin⁡(x)=sin⁡(π−arcsin⁡y)=sin⁡(arcsin⁡y)=y\sin(x) = \sin(\pi - \arcsin y) = \sin(\arcsin y) = y. This corresponds to the part of the sine curve where x∈[π/2,π]x \in [\pi/2, \pi]. Thus, for a fixed yy between 0 and 1, xx ranges from the ascending part of the sine curve to the descending part. The overall region RR is bounded above by y=sin⁡xy=\sin x and below by the xx-axis (y=0y=0) over the interval x∈[0,π]x \in [0, \pi].

Question 11

Let EE be the solid tetrahedron with vertices at (0,0,0),(2,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,0), (2,0,0), (0,4,0), and (0,0,6)(0,0,6). Which of the following iterated integrals gives the volume of EE?

  1. ∫02∫04∫06dz dy dx\int_0^2 \int_0^4 \int_0^6 dz \, dy \, dx
  2. ∫02∫04−2x∫06−3x−3y/2dz dy dx\int_0^2 \int_0^{4-2x} \int_0^{6-3x-3y/2} dz \, dy \, dx (correct answer)
  3. ∫02∫04−2x∫012−6x−3ydz dy dx\int_0^2 \int_0^{4-2x} \int_0^{12-6x-3y} dz \, dy \, dx
  4. ∫04∫02−y∫06−3x−3y/2dz dx dy\int_0^4 \int_0^{2-y} \int_0^{6-3x-3y/2} dz \, dx \, dy
Explanation: The four vertices lie on the coordinate planes except for the three axial intercepts (2,0,0),(0,4,0),(0,0,6)(2,0,0), (0,4,0), (0,0,6). The plane passing through these three points has the intercept form equation x2+y4+z6=1\frac{x}{2} + \frac{y}{4} + \frac{z}{6} = 1. Solving for zz gives the upper bound for the solid: z=6−3x−32yz = 6 - 3x - \frac{3}{2}y. The lower bound is the xyxy-plane, z=0z=0. The projection of the tetrahedron onto the xyxy-plane is a triangle with vertices (0,0),(2,0),(0,4)(0,0), (2,0), (0,4). The line connecting (2,0)(2,0) and (0,4)(0,4) is given by x2+y4=1\frac{x}{2} + \frac{y}{4} = 1, or y=4−2xy=4-2x. To integrate with respect to yy then xx, the bounds are 0≤y≤4−2x0 \le y \le 4-2x for 0≤x≤20 \le x \le 2. Combining these gives the integral ∫02∫04−2x∫06−3x−3y/2dz dy dx\int_0^2 \int_0^{4-2x} \int_0^{6-3x-3y/2} dz \, dy \, dx.

Question 12

Let EE be the solid region bounded by the parabolic cylinder y=x2y=x^2, the plane y+z=4y+z=4, and the xyxy-plane (z=0z=0). Which of the following iterated integrals represents the volume of EE?

  1. ∫−22∫x24∫04−ydz dy dx\int_{-2}^{2} \int_{x^2}^{4} \int_{0}^{4-y} dz \, dy \, dx (correct answer)
  2. ∫−22∫0x2∫04dz dy dx\int_{-2}^{2} \int_{0}^{x^2} \int_{0}^{4} dz \, dy \, dx
  3. ∫04∫−yy∫04dz dx dy\int_{0}^{4} \int_{-\sqrt{y}}^{\sqrt{y}} \int_{0}^{4} dz \, dx \, dy
  4. ∫−22∫x24∫04−x2dz dy dx\int_{-2}^{2} \int_{x^2}^{4} \int_{0}^{4-x^2} dz \, dy \, dx
Explanation: The solid EE is bounded below by the xyxy-plane, so z=0z=0. It is bounded above by the plane y+z=4y+z=4, so z=4−yz=4-y. Thus, the bounds for zz are 0≤z≤4−y0 \le z \le 4-y. To determine the bounds for xx and yy, we project the solid onto the xyxy-plane. The projection is the region bounded by y=x2y=x^2 and the intersection of z=4−yz=4-y with z=0z=0, which is the line y=4y=4. The region is described by x2≤y≤4x^2 \le y \le 4. The intersection of y=x2y=x^2 and y=4y=4 occurs at x=±2x=\pm 2. Therefore, the bounds for the projection are −2≤x≤2-2 \le x \le 2 and x2≤y≤4x^2 \le y \le 4. Combining these in the order dz dy dxdz \, dy \, dx gives the integral ∫−22∫x24∫04−ydz dy dx\int_{-2}^{2} \int_{x^2}^{4} \int_{0}^{4-y} dz \, dy \, dx.

Question 13

A solid region EE is bounded below by the cone z=x2+y2z=\sqrt{x^2+y^2} and above by the paraboloid z=2−x2−y2z=2-x^2-y^2. Which of the following integrals in cylindrical coordinates represents the volume of EE?

  1. ∫02π∫01∫r2−r2dz dr dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{1} \int_{r}^{2-r^2} dz \, dr \, d\theta
  2. ∫02π∫02∫r2−r2r dz dr dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{2} \int_{r}^{2-r^2} r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta
  3. ∫02π∫01∫2−r2rr dz dr dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{1} \int_{2-r^2}^{r} r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta
  4. ∫02π∫01∫r2−r2r dz dr dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{1} \int_{r}^{2-r^2} r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta (correct answer)
Explanation: In cylindrical coordinates, the cone z=x2+y2z=\sqrt{x^2+y^2} becomes z=rz=r. The paraboloid z=2−x2−y2z=2-x^2-y^2 becomes z=2−r2z=2-r^2. The solid is bounded below by z=rz=r and above by z=2−r2z=2-r^2. To find the bounds for rr, we find the intersection of these surfaces: r=2−r2  ⟹  r2+r−2=0  ⟹  (r+2)(r−1)=0r = 2-r^2 \implies r^2+r-2=0 \implies (r+2)(r-1)=0. Since radius rr must be non-negative, r=1r=1. This means the projection of the solid onto the xyxy-plane is a disk of radius 1. So, 0≤r≤10 \le r \le 1. The solid is symmetric about the zz-axis, so 0≤θ≤2π0 \le \theta \le 2\pi. The volume element is dV=r dz dr dθdV = r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta. The correct setup is ∫02π∫01∫r2−r2r dz dr dθ\int_{0}^{2\pi} \int_{0}^{1} \int_{r}^{2-r^2} r \, dz \, dr \, d\theta.

Question 14

Let RR be the region in the xyxy-plane that is inside the circle x2+y2=2xx^2+y^2=2x but outside the circle x2+y2=1x^2+y^2=1. Which of the following integrals represents the area of RR?

  1. ∫−π/3π/3∫2cos⁡θ1r dr dθ\int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3} \int_{2\cos\theta}^{1} r \, dr \, d\theta
  2. ∫−π/2π/2∫12cos⁡θr dr dθ\int_{-\pi/2}^{\pi/2} \int_{1}^{2\cos\theta} r \, dr \, d\theta
  3. ∫−π/3π/3∫12cos⁡θr dr dθ\int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3} \int_{1}^{2\cos\theta} r \, dr \, d\theta (correct answer)
  4. ∫−π/3π/3∫12cos⁡θ1 dr dθ\int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3} \int_{1}^{2\cos\theta} 1 \, dr \, d\theta
Explanation: When you encounter a region bounded by circles in polar coordinates, your first step is converting the Cartesian equations to polar form and identifying where the boundaries intersect. The circle x2+y2=2xx^2 + y^2 = 2x can be rewritten by completing the square: (x−1)2+y2=1(x-1)^2 + y^2 = 1. This is a circle centered at (1,0)(1,0) with radius 1. In polar coordinates, substituting x=rcos⁡θx = r\cos\theta gives us r2=2rcos⁡θr^2 = 2r\cos\theta, so r=2cos⁡θr = 2\cos\theta. The circle x2+y2=1x^2 + y^2 = 1 becomes r=1r = 1 in polar coordinates. To find the intersection points, set 1=2cos⁡θ1 = 2\cos\theta, giving cos⁡θ=12\cos\theta = \frac{1}{2}, so θ=±π3\theta = \pm\frac{\pi}{3}. This means the region extends from θ=−π3\theta = -\frac{\pi}{3} to θ=π3\theta = \frac{\pi}{3}. For any fixed angle θ\theta in this range, rr varies from the inner boundary (r=1r = 1) to the outer boundary (r=2cos⁡θr = 2\cos\theta). The area element in polar coordinates is r dr dθr \, dr \, d\theta, giving us ∫−π/3π/3∫12cos⁡θr dr dθ\int_{-\pi/3}^{\pi/3} \int_{1}^{2\cos\theta} r \, dr \, d\theta. Option A has the integration limits reversed for rr. Option B uses incorrect θ\theta limits—at θ=±π2\theta = \pm\frac{\pi}{2}, the outer circle has r=0r = 0, which doesn't make sense for our region. Option D uses the wrong area element (missing the rr). Study tip: Always sketch the region first, find intersection points to determine your limits, and remember that polar area elements include the factor rr.

Question 15

Consider the region in the first octant bounded by the coordinate planes and the plane 2x+3y+z=62x + 3y + z = 6. When integrating in the order dz dy dxdz \, dy \, dx, what are the correct bounds?

  1. ∫03∫0(6−2x)/3∫06−2x−3ydz dy dx\int_0^3 \int_0^{(6-2x)/3} \int_0^{6-2x-3y} dz \, dy \, dx (correct answer)
  2. ∫06∫06−2x∫06−2x−3ydz dy dx\int_0^6 \int_0^{6-2x} \int_0^{6-2x-3y} dz \, dy \, dx
  3. ∫03∫06−2x∫06−2x−3ydz dy dx\int_0^3 \int_0^{6-2x} \int_0^{6-2x-3y} dz \, dy \, dx
  4. ∫02∫0(6−2x)/3∫06−2x−3ydz dy dx\int_0^2 \int_0^{(6-2x)/3} \int_0^{6-2x-3y} dz \, dy \, dx
Explanation: The region is in the first octant, so x≥0x \geq 0, y≥0y \geq 0, and z≥0z \geq 0. The plane 2x+3y+z=62x + 3y + z = 6 intersects the coordinate axes at (3,0,0)(3,0,0), (0,2,0)(0,2,0), and (0,0,6)(0,0,6). For the outermost integral (dxdx): xx ranges from 00 to 33 (where the plane intersects the xx-axis). For the middle integral (dydy): Given a fixed xx, yy ranges from 00 to where the plane intersects the xzxz-plane at that xx value. Setting z=0z = 0 in the plane equation: 2x+3y=62x + 3y = 6, so y=(6−2x)/3y = (6-2x)/3. For the innermost integral (dzdz): Given fixed xx and yy, zz ranges from 00 to z=6−2x−3yz = 6 - 2x - 3y (from the plane equation). Choice B has incorrect upper bound for xx and wrong middle bounds. Choice C uses 6−2x6-2x instead of (6−2x)/3(6-2x)/3 for the yy bound. Choice D uses 22 instead of 33 as the upper xx bound.