Proteins Affect Traits Practice Test

Model: A protein in a mammal’s eye helps detect dim light. If the protein is less sensitive, the animal needs brighter light to see well. Proteins influence traits because their functions affect how organs respond.

Evidence: In a low-light maze, animals with normal protein sensitivity completed the maze in 30 seconds, while animals with reduced sensitivity took 90 seconds. In bright light, both groups took about 25 seconds.

Which evidence best shows the protein affects the vision trait described in the model?

Model: A protein in leaf cells helps keep water inside by forming a tight barrier at the leaf surface. If the protein’s shape changes, the barrier can become less effective. Proteins influence traits because their functions affect how well structures work.

Evidence: Two plant groups were grown under the same light and watering. Group 1 had normal protein shape and lost 2 mL of water per day from leaves. Group 2 had a changed protein shape and lost 6 mL of water per day.

Which statement about proteins and traits is supported by the model and evidence?