Variation From Sexual Reproduction - Middle School Life Science
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Identify the correct statement: sexual reproduction vs. asexual reproduction and variation.
Identify the correct statement: sexual reproduction vs. asexual reproduction and variation.
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Sexual: high variation; asexual: low variation (mostly clones). Sexual mixes genes; asexual copies parent exactly.
Sexual: high variation; asexual: low variation (mostly clones). Sexual mixes genes; asexual copies parent exactly.
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What is sexual reproduction?
What is sexual reproduction?
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Production of offspring by combining gametes from two parents. Requires two parents unlike asexual reproduction.
Production of offspring by combining gametes from two parents. Requires two parents unlike asexual reproduction.
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What is genetic variation among offspring?
What is genetic variation among offspring?
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Differences in inherited traits caused by different gene combinations. Results from mixing parental DNA during reproduction.
Differences in inherited traits caused by different gene combinations. Results from mixing parental DNA during reproduction.
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What is a gamete?
What is a gamete?
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A sex cell with one set of chromosomes (sperm or egg). Has half the chromosomes needed for reproduction.
A sex cell with one set of chromosomes (sperm or egg). Has half the chromosomes needed for reproduction.
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What is fertilization?
What is fertilization?
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Fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote. Combines genetic material from both parents.
Fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote. Combines genetic material from both parents.
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What is a zygote?
What is a zygote?
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A fertilized egg cell with genes from both parents. Contains full chromosome set from combined gametes.
A fertilized egg cell with genes from both parents. Contains full chromosome set from combined gametes.
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Which process makes gametes with half the usual chromosome number?
Which process makes gametes with half the usual chromosome number?
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Meiosis. Reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid.
Meiosis. Reduces chromosome number from diploid to haploid.
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What is the main reason meiosis increases genetic variation?
What is the main reason meiosis increases genetic variation?
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It creates gametes with new allele combinations. Shuffles genes through crossing over and independent assortment.
It creates gametes with new allele combinations. Shuffles genes through crossing over and independent assortment.
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What is crossing over in meiosis?
What is crossing over in meiosis?
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Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes. Creates new gene combinations by swapping chromosome parts.
Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes. Creates new gene combinations by swapping chromosome parts.
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What is independent assortment in meiosis?
What is independent assortment in meiosis?
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Random separation of homologous chromosome pairs into gametes. Each gamete gets random mix of maternal/paternal chromosomes.
Random separation of homologous chromosome pairs into gametes. Each gamete gets random mix of maternal/paternal chromosomes.
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What does random fertilization mean in sexual reproduction?
What does random fertilization mean in sexual reproduction?
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Any sperm can fertilize any egg, creating unique gene combinations. Increases variation by making offspring combinations unpredictable.
Any sperm can fertilize any egg, creating unique gene combinations. Increases variation by making offspring combinations unpredictable.
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What is an allele?
What is an allele?
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A different version of the same gene. Like different flavors of the same trait (e.g., brown vs blue eyes).
A different version of the same gene. Like different flavors of the same trait (e.g., brown vs blue eyes).
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What is a genotype?
What is a genotype?
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The allele combination an organism has for a trait. The genetic recipe that determines traits.
The allele combination an organism has for a trait. The genetic recipe that determines traits.
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What is a phenotype?
What is a phenotype?
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The observable traits produced by genes and environment. What you see, influenced by both genes and surroundings.
The observable traits produced by genes and environment. What you see, influenced by both genes and surroundings.
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Which option best explains why siblings can look different even with same parents?
Which option best explains why siblings can look different even with same parents?
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They inherit different allele combinations from meiosis and fertilization. Each child gets unique mix from same gene pool.
They inherit different allele combinations from meiosis and fertilization. Each child gets unique mix from same gene pool.
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Choose the term: exchange of chromosome segments that increases variation in gametes.
Choose the term: exchange of chromosome segments that increases variation in gametes.
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Crossing over. Physical exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes.
Crossing over. Physical exchange of DNA between paired chromosomes.
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Choose the term: random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes.
Choose the term: random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes.
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Independent assortment. Chromosomes sort randomly, not by parent origin.
Independent assortment. Chromosomes sort randomly, not by parent origin.
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Identify the key idea: How does sexual reproduction lead to variation among offspring?
Identify the key idea: How does sexual reproduction lead to variation among offspring?
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It combines and reshuffles alleles from two parents into new genotypes. Meiosis and fertilization create unique combinations.
It combines and reshuffles alleles from two parents into new genotypes. Meiosis and fertilization create unique combinations.
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Which stage of meiosis is crossing over most associated with?
Which stage of meiosis is crossing over most associated with?
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Prophase I. When homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments.
Prophase I. When homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments.
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Identify the term for two chromosomes, one from each parent, that carry the same genes.
Identify the term for two chromosomes, one from each parent, that carry the same genes.
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Homologous chromosomes. Matching pairs that can exchange segments during crossing over.
Homologous chromosomes. Matching pairs that can exchange segments during crossing over.
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Which meiosis event increases variation by randomly separating homologous chromosome pairs?
Which meiosis event increases variation by randomly separating homologous chromosome pairs?
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Independent assortment. Chromosomes randomly sort into gametes during meiosis I.
Independent assortment. Chromosomes randomly sort into gametes during meiosis I.
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Which meiosis event creates new allele combinations by swapping DNA between homologous chromosomes?
Which meiosis event creates new allele combinations by swapping DNA between homologous chromosomes?
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Crossing over. Exchanges genetic material between paired chromosomes during meiosis.
Crossing over. Exchanges genetic material between paired chromosomes during meiosis.
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Choose the word that completes the statement: Meiosis produces gametes that are genetically _____.
Choose the word that completes the statement: Meiosis produces gametes that are genetically _____.
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different. Each gamete has a unique combination of chromosomes.
different. Each gamete has a unique combination of chromosomes.
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Which option best explains why siblings can look different even with the same parents?
Which option best explains why siblings can look different even with the same parents?
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Each sibling inherits a different combination of alleles. Random processes during meiosis create unique gametes.
Each sibling inherits a different combination of alleles. Random processes during meiosis create unique gametes.
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What is an allele?
What is an allele?
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An alternative form of a gene. Different versions of genes create trait variations.
An alternative form of a gene. Different versions of genes create trait variations.
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