All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is the best definition of evidence when justifying a preferred solution?
Answer: Data or observations that support a claim. Evidence provides factual basis for decision-making.
Flashcard 2: Which statement is a claim rather than evidence: “The stream is healthier” or “DO is 8 mg/L”?
Answer: “The stream is healthier”. Claims state conclusions; evidence provides measurable data.
Flashcard 3: Which metric best measures biodiversity change: species richness, air temperature, or road length?
Answer: Species richness. Counts different species present in an ecosystem.
Flashcard 4: What is the best definition of a constraint-based ranking when comparing solutions?
Answer: Ordering options by how well they meet constraints. Systematic comparison ensures objective selection.
Flashcard 5: Which statement identifies an unintended consequence: “More fish” or “Blocks animal migration”?
Answer: “Blocks animal migration”. Migration blockage is a negative side effect.
Flashcard 6: What is the best definition of cost-effectiveness in choosing a conservation action?
Answer: Greatest benefit achieved per unit cost. Maximizes output relative to input resources.
Flashcard 7: Which option is more cost-effective if both meet constraints: 10 units for 50 benefit or 20 for 60?
Answer: 10 units for 50 benefit. First option gives 5 benefit per unit vs 3 for second.
Flashcard 8: What is the best definition of an unintended consequence in conservation solutions?
Answer: A harmful or unexpected effect of an action. Secondary effects can undermine conservation goals.
Flashcard 9: What is the best definition of a constraint when comparing conservation solutions?
Answer: A limit or requirement a solution must meet. Constraints set boundaries that solutions must work within.
Flashcard 10: What is the purpose of a trade-off statement in a conservation justification?
Answer: To compare benefits and costs across constraints. Trade-offs help weigh pros and cons systematically.
Flashcard 11: Which option is the strongest evidence type for a field study: opinion, photo, or repeated measurements?
Answer: Repeated measurements. Multiple data points reduce error and increase confidence.
Flashcard 12: What is the correct conclusion if an option fails a required constraint (for example, legal limit)?
Answer: Reject that option regardless of other benefits. Required constraints are non-negotiable boundaries.
Flashcard 13: What is the best definition of reliability for evidence used to choose a solution?
Answer: Consistency of results across repeated trials. Reliable evidence produces consistent outcomes.
Flashcard 14: Which evidence is more reliable: one sample or n=10 samples collected the same way?
Answer: n=10 samples collected the same way. Larger sample sizes reduce random variation.
Flashcard 15: What is the best definition of validity for evidence in a conservation decision?
Answer: How well the data measure what they claim to measure. Valid measures accurately reflect the intended variable.
Flashcard 16: Which is the correct final step after selecting a preferred solution based on evidence and constraints?
Answer: State the decision and cite the key evidence and constraints met. Documentation ensures transparency and accountability.
Flashcard 17: Which option should be preferred if constraints are met and evidence shows higher long-term success?
Answer: The option with higher long-term success supported by data. Evidence-based selection ensures lasting impact.
Flashcard 18: Which option best supports a claim: “Scientists agree” or “Data show pH rose from 6.2 to 7.0”?
Answer: “Data show pH rose from 6.2 to 7.0”. Quantitative data provide objective support.
Flashcard 19: What is the strongest justification structure for a preferred solution?
Answer: Claim + evidence + reasoning tied to constraints. CER framework ensures logical, supported arguments.
Flashcard 20: Which is a valid indicator of water pollution: turbidity, number of birds seen, or mountain height?
Answer: Turbidity. Cloudiness directly indicates suspended particles.
Flashcard 21: Which statement is the strongest justification: "It is cheaper" or "It meets the goal within constraints"?
Answer: It meets the goal within constraints. Complete justification addresses both goals and limits.
Flashcard 22: Which part of a scientific argument states the preferred solution?
Answer: Claim. The claim presents your chosen solution or position.
Flashcard 23: What is the best definition of evidence when justifying a conservation choice?
Answer: Reliable data or observations that support a claim. Evidence must be factual and verifiable, not opinions.
Flashcard 24: Which solution best fits the constraint "must help native species": plant natives or plant ornamentals?
Answer: Plant native species. Native plants directly support local species.
Flashcard 25: What is the main goal of biodiversity conservation in an ecosystem?
Answer: Maintain species variety and ecosystem stability. Biodiversity ensures resilient, functioning ecosystems.
Flashcard 26: Which criterion best measures whether a solution is effective?
Answer: It meets the goal using measurable outcomes. Effectiveness requires quantifiable success metrics.
Flashcard 27: Which option is a valid constraint category: habitat quality, budget, or population size?
Answer: Budget. Budget is a financial constraint, not a quality measure.
Flashcard 28: What should you do first when comparing multiple conservation solutions?
Answer: State the goal and list criteria and constraints. Define parameters before evaluating options.
Flashcard 29: Which option best justifies a choice: "I like it" or "Data show population increased"?
Answer: Data show population increased. Objective data beats subjective preferences.
Flashcard 30: Identify the constraint: A wetland restoration plan must be completed within 6 months.
Answer: Time limit (6 months). The deadline restricts implementation options.