All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is the ecological term for a relationship in which both species benefit?
Answer: Mutualism. Both organisms gain benefits from their interaction.
Flashcard 2: What is the ecological term for a relationship in which one benefits and the other is harmed?
Answer: Parasitism. One organism benefits at the expense of the other's health.
Flashcard 3: What is the ecological term for a relationship in which one benefits and the other is unaffected?
Answer: Commensalism. One organism benefits while the other experiences no effect.
Flashcard 4: What is the ecological term for an interaction in which both species are harmed by limited resources?
Answer: Competition. Both organisms suffer when competing for the same scarce resources.
Flashcard 5: What is the ecological term for an interaction in which one organism kills and eats another organism?
Answer: Predation. One organism consumes another for food.
Flashcard 6: Which interaction most directly increases plant reproduction when pollinators carry pollen?
Answer: Mutualism. Both pollinator and plant benefit from the exchange.
Flashcard 7: Identify the interaction: a tick feeds on a deer and the deer loses blood and may get sick.
Answer: Parasitism. The tick benefits while harming the deer host.
Flashcard 8: Identify the interaction: a remora rides a shark and eats scraps; the shark is not helped or harmed.
Answer: Commensalism. The remora benefits without affecting the shark.
Flashcard 9: Identify the interaction: two bird species use the same nesting sites and both have fewer chicks.
Answer: Competition. Both species suffer from sharing limited nest sites.
Flashcard 10: Which interaction is most likely to spread disease between species through close contact or feeding?
Answer: Parasitism. Parasites spread diseases through host contact.
Flashcard 11: What is the term for an organism that hunts, kills, and eats another organism?
Answer: Predator. An organism that hunts other organisms for food.
Flashcard 12: What is the term for an organism that is hunted and eaten by another organism?
Answer: Prey. An organism hunted by predators for food.
Flashcard 13: Which interaction best describes cleaner fish removing parasites from larger fish in a reef ecosystem?
Answer: Mutualism. Both fish benefit: cleaners eat parasites, hosts get cleaned.
Flashcard 14: Identify the interaction: a hawk catches and eats a mouse in a grassland ecosystem.
Answer: Predation. The hawk kills and consumes the mouse for food.
Flashcard 15: Which interaction type is most similar across all ecosystems because every ecosystem has limited resources?
Answer: Competition. All ecosystems have limited resources causing competition.
Flashcard 16: Which interaction type is most likely to be stronger in deserts where water is scarce?
Answer: Competition. Limited water intensifies competition between species.
Flashcard 17: What is the term for an interaction between organisms of the same species?
Answer: Intraspecific interaction. Occurs within a single species population.
Flashcard 18: What is the definition of competition as an organism interaction?
Answer: Organisms use the same limited resource, reducing access for others. Both organisms negatively affect each other's fitness.
Flashcard 19: Which interaction is shown when barnacles attach to a whale and the whale is unaffected?
Answer: Commensalism. Barnacles gain transport and feeding opportunities.
Flashcard 20: Which interaction is shown when bees get nectar and flowers get pollinated?
Answer: Mutualism. Both organisms gain resources they need to survive.
Flashcard 21: Which interaction is shown when a hawk catches and eats a mouse in grassland?
Answer: Predation. Hawk is predator, mouse is prey in this food chain.
Flashcard 22: Which interaction is shown when a tick feeds on a deer in a forest ecosystem?
Answer: Parasitism. Tick benefits by taking blood while deer is harmed.
Flashcard 23: Which interaction is shown when two plant species in a desert both need scarce water?
Answer: Competition. Both plants compete for the same limiting resource.
Flashcard 24: What is the definition of parasitism as an organism interaction?
Answer: A parasite benefits while the host is harmed, usually not killed quickly. Long-term relationship where host provides resources.
Flashcard 25: What is the definition of commensalism as an organism interaction?
Answer: One species benefits and the other is unaffected. One-sided benefit with no harm or help to the other.
Flashcard 26: What is the definition of mutualism as an organism interaction?
Answer: Both species benefit from the interaction. Cooperation increases fitness for both partners.
Flashcard 27: What is the definition of predation as an organism interaction?
Answer: One organism kills and eats another organism. Predator gains energy while prey population is controlled.
Flashcard 28: Which interaction type is most directly linked to energy transfer between trophic levels?
Answer: Predation. Energy flows from prey to predator in food chains.
Flashcard 29: Identify the interaction type: a remora rides a shark and gains food scraps; shark unaffected.
Answer: Commensalism. Remora benefits from transport and food access.
Flashcard 30: Which interaction is most likely to intensify during drought in a savanna ecosystem?
Answer: Competition. Water scarcity increases resource competition.