All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which comparison is correct: a keystone species has a large effect relative to its abundance?
Answer: Yes; keystone species have disproportionately large ecosystem effects. Their removal causes major ecosystem disruption.
Flashcard 2: Which design solution most directly prevents poaching in a protected area: patrols or reforestation?
Answer: Anti-poaching patrols and enforcement. Direct enforcement prevents illegal wildlife killing.
Flashcard 3: What is a protected area (reserve) as a biodiversity design solution?
Answer: Land or water set aside to conserve habitats and native species. Legally protects ecosystems from harmful human activities.
Flashcard 4: Which option is an example of ex situ conservation: seed bank or wildlife corridor?
Answer: Seed bank. Ex situ conserves species outside their natural habitat.
Flashcard 5: What is the difference between in situ and ex situ conservation?
Answer: In situ: in natural habitat; ex situ: outside natural habitat. Location determines conservation strategy type.
Flashcard 6: Which design solution most directly reduces invasive species impacts: eradication program or corridor?
Answer: Invasive species eradication or control program. Direct removal targets the invasive species problem.
Flashcard 7: What is an invasive species?
Answer: A nonnative species that spreads and harms ecosystems or native species. Outcompetes natives and disrupts ecosystem balance.
Flashcard 8: Which design solution best improves water quality for aquatic biodiversity: riparian buffers or hunting limits?
Answer: Riparian buffer zones along waterways. Buffers filter pollutants before reaching water.
Flashcard 9: What is a riparian buffer, as used in biodiversity-focused design solutions?
Answer: Vegetated strip near water that filters runoff and stabilizes banks. Natural filtration protects aquatic ecosystems.
Flashcard 10: Which solution best reduces overharvesting of a fish population: catch limits or fertilizer use reduction?
Answer: Catch limits (harvest quotas) and enforcement. Quotas directly limit harvest; fertilizer affects water quality.
Flashcard 11: What is overharvesting (overexploitation)?
Answer: Removing organisms faster than the population can replace them. Depletes populations below sustainable levels.
Flashcard 12: Which design solution most directly addresses climate change impacts on biodiversity: emissions reduction or fencing?
Answer: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Addresses root cause of climate-driven habitat changes.
Flashcard 13: What is ecological restoration as a design solution to maintain biodiversity?
Answer: Repairing damaged ecosystems to recover native species and functions. Actively rebuilds degraded habitats for species recovery.
Flashcard 14: Which option is a stronger biodiversity design solution: monoculture replanting or native mixed-species planting?
Answer: Native mixed-species planting. Mixed natives support more species than single-species plantings.
Flashcard 15: What criterion best measures a design solution's success at maintaining biodiversity?
Answer: Long-term stable or increasing native species richness and abundance. Focuses on native species persistence over time.
Flashcard 16: What is biodiversity, as used when evaluating conservation design solutions?
Answer: Variety of life in an area, including species, genes, and ecosystems. Encompasses genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity levels.
Flashcard 17: Which design solution directly reduces habitat fragmentation: corridors or fencing?
Answer: Wildlife corridors. Corridors connect habitats; fencing separates them.
Flashcard 18: What is gene flow in the context of maintaining biodiversity?
Answer: Movement of alleles between populations through breeding. Maintains genetic diversity across populations.
Flashcard 19: Which solution best supports gene flow between isolated populations: corridor or captive breeding?
Answer: Wildlife corridor. Corridors allow movement; captive breeding isolates populations.
Flashcard 20: Which design solution reduces bycatch and helps marine biodiversity: selective gear or larger nets?
Answer: Selective gear. Specialized equipment catches target species while releasing others.
Flashcard 21: What is sustainable harvesting designed to prevent in a population?
Answer: Overharvesting that causes long-term population decline. Maintains harvest rates below population replacement levels.
Flashcard 22: Which design solution most directly reduces nutrient runoff: riparian buffer or building a new parking lot?
Answer: Riparian buffer. Plants absorb excess nutrients before they reach water bodies.
Flashcard 23: What is a riparian buffer and how is it used in biodiversity design?
Answer: Vegetation along waterways that filters runoff and stabilizes banks. Acts as natural filter preventing pollution from entering streams.
Flashcard 24: Which design solution best addresses climate-change range shifts: connected reserves or isolated reserves?
Answer: Connected reserves. Allows species migration as climate zones shift location.
Flashcard 25: What is ex situ conservation as a biodiversity design solution?
Answer: Conserving species outside their natural habitat (zoos, seed banks). Protects genetic material when wild populations are threatened.
Flashcard 26: Which option is an ex situ conservation method: seed bank or national park?
Answer: Seed bank. Stores genetic material offsite, unlike in situ parks.
Flashcard 27: Which criterion best compares two biodiversity solutions fairly: long-term effectiveness or popularity?
Answer: Long-term effectiveness. Measures actual conservation impact rather than public opinion.
Flashcard 28: What is biodiversity in an ecosystem?
Answer: The variety of species, genes, and ecosystems in an area. Encompasses all living variation at multiple biological levels.
Flashcard 29: What is the primary goal of a design solution that maintains biodiversity?
Answer: To keep many species and healthy ecosystem functions over time. Ensures ecological stability and species survival for future generations.
Flashcard 30: Which design solution directly reduces habitat fragmentation: wildlife corridor or fish ladder?
Answer: Wildlife corridor. Creates pathways connecting separated habitats for animal movement.