Energy Moves Water Practice Test

A model shows these reservoirs and arrows (with energy sources labeled): ocean, clouds, land surface, rivers, groundwater.

Arrows:

1. Ocean → Clouds (evaporation): Sun’s energy

2. Clouds → Land surface (precipitation): gravity

3. Land surface → Groundwater (infiltration): gravity

4. Groundwater → Rivers (discharge): gravity

5. Rivers → Ocean (river flow): gravity

Model note: “Energy enables movement but does not create water.”

Which set of statements is supported by the model? (Choose the one option where both statements are supported.)

Refer to this model (reservoirs: ocean, clouds, land surface, rivers, groundwater). Arrows and labels:

• Ocean → Clouds: evaporation (Sun’s energy)
• Clouds → Land surface: precipitation (gravity)
• Land surface → Rivers: runoff (gravity)
• Land surface → Groundwater: infiltration (gravity)
• Groundwater → Rivers: discharge (gravity)
• Rivers → Ocean: river flow (gravity) Model note: “Energy enables movement but does not create water.”

A student points to the arrow Land surface → Rivers and says, “That arrow happens mainly because the Sun pushes water across the ground.”

Which evaluation best fits the model?