Cognitive Development Across the Lifespan (6B) Practice Test

In a study of cognitive aging, participants ages 25, 45, and 75 complete two tasks: (1) a vocabulary test requiring word meanings and (2) a speeded symbol-matching task requiring quick visual scanning and responses. Older adults score similarly or higher than younger adults on vocabulary but show slower performance on symbol matching. The researchers conclude that different aspects of cognition change differently with age. What explanation best describes this pattern?

A researcher interviews 3-year-olds, 6-year-olds, and 9-year-olds about a character who hides a toy while another character is out of the room. When asked where the returning character will look first, many 3-year-olds answer based on where the toy actually is, whereas older children more often answer based on what the returning character last saw. The researcher also notes that the younger children become visibly frustrated when corrected, while older children remain calm and try again. Based on the scenario, which outcome is most likely as children develop?