Extraction and Distillation (5C) Practice Test

A lab performs liquid–liquid extraction of a neutral steroid from 20 mL water into 10 mL hexane. The partition coefficient is $K = \frac{S{hex}}{S{aq}} = 10$ at this temperature. Based on the partition coefficient principle, which change would be expected to increase the fraction of steroid remaining in the aqueous layer after equilibrium is reached?

A compound X is extracted between octanol and water to estimate lipophilicity. The measured partition coefficient is $K = \frac{X{oct}}{X{aq}} = 0.20$ for the neutral form. Based on this value, what conclusion can be drawn about X under these conditions?