ISEE Lower Level Quiz: Supporting Evidence

20 questions · exam conditions

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Supporting EvidenceQuestion 1 of 20

In the deepest parts of the ocean, sunlight cannot reach, and the world is in constant darkness. Yet, this dark world is filled with light created by the animals that live there. This phenomenon is called bioluminescence. It is a 'cold light' because it produces very little heat, making it a very efficient process. Creatures like the anglerfish have a glowing lure that dangles in front of their sharp teeth to attract unsuspecting prey. Others, like the firefly squid, can release a cloud of glowing ink to startle and confuse predators, allowing for a quick escape. The light itself is the result of a chemical reaction inside the animal's body, involving a substance called luciferin. When luciferin combines with oxygen, it creates light. This ability is not just for hunting or defense; many deep-sea animals use their unique light patterns to communicate with each other or to find mates in the vast, dark expanse of the deep ocean.

The idea that creating light is an energy-efficient action for these creatures is best supported by which detail?

The light is the result of a chemical reaction inside the animal's body.

It is a 'cold light' because it produces very little heat, making it a very efficient process.

Many deep-sea animals use their unique light patterns to communicate.

Sunlight cannot reach the deepest parts of the ocean where these animals live.

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ISEE Lower Level Quiz

ISEE Lower Level Quiz: Supporting Evidence

Practice Supporting Evidence in ISEE Lower Level with focused quiz questions that help you check what you know, review explanations, and build confidence with test-style prompts.

What this quiz covers

This quiz focuses on Supporting Evidence, giving you a quick way to practice the rules, question types, and explanations that matter most for ISEE Lower Level.

How to use this quiz

Try each quiz question before looking at the correct answer. Use the explanations to review missed ideas, then come back to similar questions until the pattern feels familiar.

All questions

Question 1

The idea that creating light is an energy-efficient action for these creatures is best supported by which detail?

The light is the result of a chemical reaction inside the animal's body.
It is a 'cold light' because it produces very little heat, making it a very efficient process. (correct answer)
Many deep-sea animals use their unique light patterns to communicate.
Sunlight cannot reach the deepest parts of the ocean where these animals live.

Explanation: The correct answer is B because it directly connects the concept of 'cold light' (producing little heat) to the idea of efficiency. Wasting less energy as heat means the process is more efficient. Choice A explains how the light is made, not its efficiency. Choice C describes a use for the light. Choice D describes the environment but says nothing about the energy used to create the light.

Question 2

An empty, forgotten lot in a city neighborhood can be transformed into a vibrant community garden. These gardens are more than just pretty spaces; they offer many benefits. To start one, neighbors must work together to find a suitable piece of land, test the soil for safety, and arrange for a water source. Once established, the garden becomes a place of connection. Gardeners often share planting advice, celebrate their harvests, and work together on tasks like weeding and watering. For many, the garden provides access to fresh, healthy produce like tomatoes and lettuce that can be expensive in stores. Furthermore, these green spaces can improve the local environment. The plants help absorb rainwater, preventing it from overwhelming city drains, and provide a much-needed habitat for pollinators like bees and butterflies.

The passage claims that community gardens help build relationships among neighbors. Which sentence provides the best evidence for this claim?

An empty, forgotten lot in a city neighborhood can be transformed into a vibrant community garden.
To start one, neighbors must work together to find a suitable piece of land.
Gardeners often share planting advice, celebrate their harvests, and work together on tasks. (correct answer)
The garden provides access to fresh, healthy produce like tomatoes and lettuce.

Explanation: The correct answer is C because it gives specific examples of social interactions ('share planting advice, celebrate their harvests, and work together') that directly lead to building relationships. Choice B mentions neighbors working together on one initial task, but C describes ongoing interactions that foster community. Choices A and D describe other aspects of the garden, not the social connections.

Question 3

Read the passage.

A student named Cara tried to find out which paper towel brand absorbed the most water. She made a hypothesis that thicker towels would absorb more. Cara cut each brand into equal squares. She used the same size cup to pour water each time.

She placed one square in a shallow tray and poured 30 milliliters of water onto it. After one minute, she lifted the towel and measured the water left in the tray. Brand X left 6 milliliters, Brand Y left 12 milliliters, and Brand Z left 9 milliliters. She repeated the test twice and got nearly the same numbers.

Cara concluded that Brand X absorbed the most water. She wrote her results in a table for her science notebook. Then she shared her method with a classmate so it could be checked. Cara felt confident because her test was fair.

Which detail from the passage confirms the statement that Cara controlled her experiment?

She cut each brand into equal squares. (correct answer)
Cara concluded that Brand X absorbed the most water.
She wrote her results in a table for her science notebook.
Brand Y left 12 milliliters in the tray.

Explanation: This question tests ISEE Lower Level reading comprehension skills, specifically selecting evidence that supports an answer. Understanding how to identify supporting evidence is key to developing critical reading skills. It involves recognizing details that directly relate to the question's assertion. In the passage provided, specific lines such as 'She cut each brand into equal squares' and 'She used the same size cup to pour water each time' illustrate the type of supportive evidence students should identify. The correct choice, A, is correct because it directly substantiates the statement by demonstrating control of variables for fairness. A common distractor, B, fails because it either misinterprets the passage or provides irrelevant information that does not support the claim about controlling the experiment. To help students: Encourage looking for keywords in the question that match phrases in the passage. Practice distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant details. Teach students to verify that the evidence aligns precisely with the statement being evaluated.

Question 4

Before the invention of the telegraph, sending a letter from Missouri to California could take several weeks by stagecoach. In 1860, a new service called the Pony Express was created to speed things up. It promised to deliver mail in about ten days. This amazing speed was possible because of a well-organized system of relay stations set up every 10 to 15 miles along a nearly 2,000-mile route. Young, lightweight riders would gallop from one station to the next, grab a new horse, and continue on. The job was incredibly demanding; riders faced extreme weather, difficult terrain, and the constant risk of danger. Despite its fame, the Pony Express operated for only about 18 months. The service ended abruptly in 1861 when a new technology, the transcontinental telegraph, was completed. The telegraph could send messages from coast to coast in minutes, making the Pony Express obsolete.

What evidence does the author provide to show that the Pony Express was faster than the mail service it replaced?

The Pony Express covered a nearly 2,000-mile route.
Riders would grab a new horse at relay stations every 10 to 15 miles.
It reduced mail delivery time from several weeks to about ten days. (correct answer)
The service ended abruptly in 1861 with the completion of the telegraph.

Explanation: The correct answer is C because it directly compares the delivery times of the two services, showing a clear improvement from 'several weeks' to 'about ten days'. This is the strongest piece of evidence proving it was faster. Choice A describes the distance, not the speed. Choice B describes a part of the system that enabled the speed but is not the evidence of the result itself. Choice D is about why the service ended, not its speed compared to previous services.

Question 5

Read the passage.

In 1905, a city decided to build a new bridge across a wide river. The old ferry took too long, especially in winter. The mayor said the bridge would help workers reach factories faster. Engineers studied the riverbanks and chose a spot near the busiest market.

Construction began in April 1906. Workers drove thick wooden piles into the riverbed and poured concrete around them. By September, the first metal beams rose above the water. A newspaper reported that 300 workers were on the project each day.

The bridge opened on June 2, 1907. On the first week, the city counted 18,000 crossings by foot and wagon. The ferry company reported fewer customers right away. Shops near the bridge stayed open later because more people passed by.

Which sentence from the passage best supports the idea that the bridge changed daily travel?

Engineers studied the riverbanks and chose a spot near the market.
On the first week, the city counted 18,000 crossings by foot and wagon. (correct answer)
Construction began in April 1906.
Workers drove thick wooden piles into the riverbed.

Explanation: This question tests ISEE Lower Level reading comprehension skills, specifically selecting evidence that supports an answer. Understanding how to identify supporting evidence is key to developing critical reading skills. It involves recognizing details that directly relate to the question's assertion. In the passage provided, specific lines such as 'On the first week, the city counted 18,000 crossings by foot and wagon' and 'The ferry company reported fewer customers right away' illustrate the type of supportive evidence students should identify. The correct choice, B, is correct because it directly substantiates the statement by demonstrating increased usage and impact on travel patterns. A common distractor, A, fails because it either misinterprets the passage or provides irrelevant information that does not support the claim about changing daily travel. To help students: Encourage looking for keywords in the question that match phrases in the passage. Practice distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant details. Teach students to verify that the evidence aligns precisely with the statement being evaluated.

Question 6

Read the passage.

In Mexico, many families celebrate Día de los Reyes, or Three Kings Day, on January 6. The tradition honors the story of three visitors who brought gifts to a child long ago. In many towns, children leave out shoes the night before. They hope small treats will appear by morning.

A common food for the day is rosca de reyes, a round sweet bread. Bakers often hide a tiny figure inside the bread. In one bakery, the owner made 120 roscas in the first week of January. She said most customers bought them on January 5 to share the next day.

When a person finds the hidden figure in their slice, they have a special job. They often host a meal on February 2 and invite friends or family. This part of the tradition encourages people to meet again after the holiday. Many families say the best part is sharing food and stories together.

Which detail from the passage confirms the statement that the tradition brings people together?

Children leave out shoes the night before for treats.
Bakers often hide a tiny figure inside the bread.
They host a meal on February 2 and invite friends or family. (correct answer)
The holiday is celebrated on January 6 in many towns.

Explanation: This question tests ISEE Lower Level reading comprehension skills, specifically selecting evidence that supports an answer. Understanding how to identify supporting evidence is key to developing critical reading skills. It involves recognizing details that directly relate to the question's assertion. In the passage provided, specific lines such as 'They host a meal on February 2 and invite friends or family' and 'This part of the tradition encourages people to meet again after the holiday' illustrate the type of supportive evidence students should identify. The correct choice, C, is correct because it directly substantiates the statement by demonstrating how the tradition fosters social gatherings. A common distractor, A, fails because it either misinterprets the passage or provides irrelevant information that does not support the claim about bringing people together. To help students: Encourage looking for keywords in the question that match phrases in the passage. Practice distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant details. Teach students to verify that the evidence aligns precisely with the statement being evaluated.

Question 7

The author suggests that creating a community garden is a complex process. Which sentence best supports this suggestion?

Neighbors must work together to find land, test the soil, and arrange for a water source. (correct answer)
An empty, forgotten lot can be transformed into a vibrant community garden.
Once established, the garden becomes a place of connection and sharing.
These green spaces can improve the local environment and provide needed habitat.

Explanation: The correct answer is A because it lists several distinct and necessary steps that must be taken before the garden can even begin. This list of tasks ('find land, test soil, arrange for water') provides evidence that the process is complex and requires significant planning and effort. The other choices describe the benefits or outcome of the garden, not the process of creating it.

Question 8

Read the passage.

In 1922, archaeologist Howard Carter searched for a tomb in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. Many people believed the tomb had already been lost. Carter kept working because he thought one ruler's tomb remained hidden. He asked his team to clear a new area near old stone huts.

On November 4, 1922, workers found steps leading down into the ground. Carter sent a message to his sponsor, Lord Carnarvon, to come quickly. When Carnarvon arrived, they opened a doorway and saw a sealed entrance. Carter wrote that he could see "wonderful things" inside.

The team carefully recorded what they found. They listed objects and drew where each item lay in the room. This careful work helped protect the discovery and helped other scientists study it later. The tomb became one of the most famous finds in archaeology.

Which detail from the passage confirms the statement that Carter's team worked carefully?

Workers found steps leading down into the ground on November 4, 1922.
They listed objects and drew where each item lay in the room. (correct answer)
Carter asked his team to clear a new area near old stone huts.
The tomb became one of the most famous finds in archaeology.

Explanation: This question tests ISEE Lower Level reading comprehension skills, specifically selecting evidence that supports an answer. Understanding how to identify supporting evidence is key to developing critical reading skills. It involves recognizing details that directly relate to the question's assertion. In the passage provided, specific lines such as 'They listed objects and drew where each item lay in the room' and 'This careful work helped protect the discovery' illustrate the type of supportive evidence students should identify. The correct choice, B, is correct because it directly substantiates the statement by demonstrating meticulous recording and documentation methods. A common distractor, A, fails because it either misinterprets the passage or provides irrelevant information that does not support the claim about careful work. To help students: Encourage looking for keywords in the question that match phrases in the passage. Practice distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant details. Teach students to verify that the evidence aligns precisely with the statement being evaluated.

Question 9

Read the passage.

A class wanted to learn whether music helped students focus during quiet work time. Their teacher asked them to try two different days. On Day One, the room stayed silent. On Day Two, soft music played at a low volume.

The teacher timed how long it took the class to finish the same type of math page. On the silent day, the average time was 18 minutes. On the music day, the average time was 15 minutes. The teacher also counted how many times students asked for directions: 12 times on Day One and 7 times on Day Two.

The class discussed the results. Some students said the music helped them stay calm. Others said silence worked better for them. The teacher concluded that soft music helped many students, but not everyone.

According to the passage, which fact best illustrates improved focus with music?

Some students said the music helped them stay calm.
The average time was 15 minutes on the music day. (correct answer)
The room stayed silent on Day One.
Others said silence worked better for them.

Explanation: This question tests ISEE Lower Level reading comprehension skills, specifically selecting evidence that supports an answer. Understanding how to identify supporting evidence is key to developing critical reading skills. It involves recognizing details that directly relate to the question's assertion. In the passage provided, specific lines such as 'The average time was 15 minutes on the music day' and 'On the silent day, the average time was 18 minutes' illustrate the type of supportive evidence students should identify. The correct choice, B, is correct because it directly substantiates the statement by demonstrating faster completion times with music, indicating better focus. A common distractor, A, fails because it either misinterprets the passage or provides irrelevant information that does not support the claim about improved focus. To help students: Encourage looking for keywords in the question that match phrases in the passage. Practice distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant details. Teach students to verify that the evidence aligns precisely with the statement being evaluated.

Question 10

Read the passage.

Elena planned to build a birdhouse with her older brother, Marco. Elena wanted to paint it bright red, but Marco said, "Let's think about what the birds need." Elena noticed their backyard got very hot in the afternoon. She also saw that squirrels often climbed the fence near the big oak tree.

Marco suggested placing the birdhouse on a pole away from the fence. Elena agreed and said, "That might keep squirrels from reaching it." They also chose a light tan paint instead of red. Marco explained that a lighter color might stay cooler in the sun.

After they finished, they watched from the window. A small bird visited the entrance and hopped onto the roof. Elena whispered, "I'm glad we planned this." Marco smiled and said the best projects start with careful thinking.

Which part of the passage shows that Elena changed her plan based on the environment?

Elena wanted to paint it bright red at first.
They chose a light tan paint instead of red. (correct answer)
A small bird visited the entrance and hopped onto the roof.
Marco smiled and said the best projects start with careful thinking.

Explanation: This question tests ISEE Lower Level reading comprehension skills, specifically selecting evidence that supports an answer. Understanding how to identify supporting evidence is key to developing critical reading skills. It involves recognizing details that directly relate to the question's assertion. In the passage provided, specific lines such as 'They chose a light tan paint instead of red' and 'Marco explained that a lighter color might stay cooler in the sun' illustrate the type of supportive evidence students should identify. The correct choice, B, is correct because it directly substantiates the statement by demonstrating adaptation to environmental factors like heat. A common distractor, A, fails because it either misinterprets the passage or provides irrelevant information that does not support the claim about changing plans based on environment. To help students: Encourage looking for keywords in the question that match phrases in the passage. Practice distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant details. Teach students to verify that the evidence aligns precisely with the statement being evaluated.

Question 11

Read the passage.

In 1776, a group of leaders met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They wanted to decide how the colonies should respond to British rule. After many discussions, they approved a document called the Declaration of Independence. The document explained why they believed they should govern themselves.

The final version was approved on July 4, 1776. The meeting took place in a building now called Independence Hall. Some leaders worried about the risks of signing their names. Still, they signed because they believed the decision mattered.

News traveled slowly at that time. Riders carried copies to other towns, and people read the words aloud in public squares. In some places, bells rang after the reading. The document later became a symbol of the new nation.

Which sentence from the passage best supports the idea that the decision required courage?

News traveled slowly at that time.
They approved a document called the Declaration of Independence.
Some leaders worried about the risks of signing their names. (correct answer)
Riders carried copies to other towns.

Explanation: This question tests ISEE Lower Level reading comprehension skills, specifically selecting evidence that supports an answer. Understanding how to identify supporting evidence is key to developing critical reading skills. It involves recognizing details that directly relate to the question's assertion. In the passage provided, specific lines such as 'Some leaders worried about the risks of signing their names' and 'Still, they signed because they believed the decision mattered' illustrate the type of supportive evidence students should identify. The correct choice, C, is correct because it directly substantiates the statement by demonstrating the perceived dangers involved in the decision. A common distractor, A, fails because it either misinterprets the passage or provides irrelevant information that does not support the claim about requiring courage. To help students: Encourage looking for keywords in the question that match phrases in the passage. Practice distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant details. Teach students to verify that the evidence aligns precisely with the statement being evaluated.

Question 12

Read the passage.

In Japan, many families celebrate a spring tradition called hanami, which means "flower viewing." People visit parks to see cherry blossoms when the trees bloom. The tradition began long ago, when leaders and poets wrote about the beauty of the flowers. Today, families and friends still gather under the trees.

Hanami often happens in late March or early April, depending on the weather. Some cities post blossom forecasts so people can plan. In one park, workers counted that about 60 percent of the trees bloomed on March 30. Two days later, they reported that almost all the trees were in full bloom.

During hanami, people bring food and sit on blankets. They take photos and sometimes write short poems. Many people stay only an hour, but others remain until sunset. When the petals fall, it reminds visitors that spring changes quickly.

What information in the passage supports the claim that hanami depends on weather?

Some cities post blossom forecasts so people can plan. (correct answer)
People bring food and sit on blankets under the trees.
Leaders and poets wrote about the beauty of the flowers.
Many people stay only an hour, but others remain until sunset.

Explanation: This question tests ISEE Lower Level reading comprehension skills, specifically selecting evidence that supports an answer. Understanding how to identify supporting evidence is key to developing critical reading skills. It involves recognizing details that directly relate to the question's assertion. In the passage provided, specific lines such as 'Some cities post blossom forecasts so people can plan' and 'Hanami often happens in late March or early April, depending on the weather' illustrate the type of supportive evidence students should identify. The correct choice, A, is correct because it directly substantiates the statement by demonstrating how weather predictions are used for planning the event. A common distractor, B, fails because it either misinterprets the passage or provides irrelevant information that does not support the claim about weather dependence. To help students: Encourage looking for keywords in the question that match phrases in the passage. Practice distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant details. Teach students to verify that the evidence aligns precisely with the statement being evaluated.

Question 13

Read the passage.

Sam and his aunt ran a small booth at the Saturday farmers' market. Sam wanted to sell homemade lemonade, but he was unsure about the price. His aunt said, "If it costs too much, people will walk away." Sam watched shoppers compare prices at nearby booths.

Sam tried two prices during the morning. From nine to ten o'clock, he sold cups for $2 and sold 9 cups. From ten to eleven o’clock, he lowered the price to $1 and sold 22 cups. Sam counted the money and noticed he earned more in the second hour.

Sam told his aunt, "More people bought it when it cost less." His aunt nodded and said, "Now you are thinking like a seller." Sam kept the $1 price for the rest of the day. He also made a sign so customers could see the price quickly.

What evidence from the passage supports the conclusion that a lower price increased sales?

Sam watched shoppers compare prices at nearby booths.
He lowered the price to $1 and sold 22 cups. (correct answer)
His aunt said people will walk away if it costs too much.
Sam also made a sign so customers could see the price quickly.

Explanation: This question tests ISEE Lower Level reading comprehension skills, specifically selecting evidence that supports an answer. Understanding how to identify supporting evidence is key to developing critical reading skills. It involves recognizing details that directly relate to the question's assertion. In the passage provided, specific lines such as 'He lowered the price to $1 and sold 22 cups' and 'From nine to ten o’clock, he sold cups for $2 and sold 9 cups' illustrate the type of supportive evidence students should identify. The correct choice, B, is correct because it directly substantiates the statement by demonstrating higher sales volume at the reduced price. A common distractor, A, fails because it either misinterprets the passage or provides irrelevant information that does not support the claim about increased sales. To help students: Encourage looking for keywords in the question that match phrases in the passage. Practice distinguishing between relevant and irrelevant details. Teach students to verify that the evidence aligns precisely with the statement being evaluated.

Question 14

Leo stared at the gleaming red bicycle. It was his birthday present, but it felt more like a wobbly monster. His dad held the back of the seat, promising he wouldn't let go. Leo pushed off, his feet fumbling for the pedals. The bike swayed wildly. 'I can't do it!' he yelled, his hands gripping the handlebars so hard his knuckles turned white. 'It's okay, Leo,' his dad said, jogging to keep up. 'Every wobble is just a step toward balancing.' They tried again and again. With each try, the wobbles grew smaller. Then, on one push, Leo felt a new sensation. The bike was gliding smoothly. He glanced back, ready to tell his dad, but his dad was standing ten feet away, smiling. A jolt went through Leo; he was doing it himself! A huge grin spread across his face as he imagined all the places he could now go, all on his own.

Which sentence from the story best shows that Leo was initially afraid of falling?

Leo stared at the gleaming red bicycle.
His dad held the back of the seat, promising he wouldn't let go.
The bike swayed wildly as he pushed off.
His hands were gripping the handlebars so hard his knuckles turned white. (correct answer)

Explanation: The correct answer is D because it describes a physical reaction—gripping so tightly that knuckles turn white—that is a classic sign of fear or intense anxiety. This is the strongest piece of evidence of his emotional state. Choice A shows his focus on the bike. Choice B shows his dad's support. Choice C describes the bike's movement, not Leo's specific feeling of fear.

Question 15

The idea that Leo's father was encouraging is best supported by which detail?

His dad held the back of the seat, promising he wouldn't let go.
His dad said, 'Every wobble is just a step toward balancing.' (correct answer)
They tried again and again to get the bike to move forward.
His dad was standing ten feet away, smiling at Leo's success.

Explanation: The correct answer is B because this quote shows the father actively encouraging Leo with positive and supportive words, reframing the 'wobbles' not as failures but as progress. This is direct evidence of his encouraging nature. Choices A and D show that his father is helpful and proud, but the quote in B is the clearest example of verbal encouragement.

Question 16

Which statement best supports the conclusion that Leo was surprised when he finally started balancing on his own?

With each try, the wobbles grew smaller and less frequent.
Then, on one push, Leo felt a new sensation as the bike glided.
A jolt went through Leo; he was doing it himself! (correct answer)
A huge grin spread across his face as he kept riding.

Explanation: The correct answer is C because the word 'jolt' suggests a sudden, surprising realization. He wasn't expecting to be riding on his own, and the discovery startled him. This is the strongest evidence of surprise. Choice A shows his progress but not his surprise. Choice B describes the feeling of balancing but not his reaction to the realization. Choice D describes his happiness after the surprise.

Question 17

Which detail from the passage best supports the idea that community gardens can have a positive environmental impact?

These gardens are more than just pretty spaces; they offer many benefits.
The garden provides access to fresh, healthy produce that can be expensive in stores.
Gardeners often share planting advice and celebrate their harvests together.
The plants help absorb rainwater and provide a habitat for pollinators like bees. (correct answer)

Explanation: The correct answer is D because it lists two specific, positive effects on the environment: managing rainwater and supporting wildlife (pollinators). This is direct evidence of an environmental impact. Choice A is a general statement about benefits. Choice B describes a health and economic benefit. Choice C describes a social benefit.

Question 18

On a snowy day in 1902, a visitor to New York City named Mary Anderson noticed a problem. Her trolley car driver had to constantly open his window to wipe snow off the windshield, making him and the passengers cold. He even sometimes had to stop the trolley to clear the glass. Anderson, an inventor from Alabama, thought there must be a better way. She sketched an idea for a device with a rubber blade that could be operated by a lever from inside the vehicle. The next year, she received a patent for her 'window cleaning device.' However, when she tried to sell her invention to car companies, they rejected it. They claimed the moving wiper would be a dangerous distraction for drivers. Anderson's patent expired before her idea was widely adopted, and she never earned money from it. Years later, her invention became a standard feature on all cars, and in 2011, she was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for her pioneering idea.

Which sentence from the passage best supports the idea that Mary Anderson's invention was inspired by a specific event she witnessed?

Her trolley car driver had to constantly open his window to wipe snow off the windshield. (correct answer)
Anderson, an inventor from Alabama, thought there must be a better way to clean windows.
She sketched an idea for a device with a rubber blade that could be operated from inside.
The next year, she received a patent for her 'window cleaning device.'

Explanation: The correct answer is A because it describes the specific problem Anderson observed ('her trolley car driver had to... wipe snow off the windshield') which directly inspired her to invent a solution. This is the 'specific event' mentioned in the question. Choices B, C, and D describe her thoughts and actions after witnessing the event, not the event itself.

Question 19

The author's claim that Anderson's invention was not immediately successful is supported by what evidence?

Car companies rejected it, claiming the wiper would be a distraction. (correct answer)
Her device used a rubber blade operated by a lever inside the vehicle.
She sketched her idea after riding a trolley car on a snowy day.
Her invention eventually became a standard feature on all cars.

Explanation: When you encounter a question asking for evidence that supports a specific claim, you need to identify details from the passage that directly prove that claim is true. The author claims Anderson's invention was not immediately successful. To support this claim, you need evidence showing the invention faced problems or rejection early on. Looking at the passage, we see that when Anderson tried to sell her invention to car companies, "they rejected it" because "they claimed the moving wiper would be a dangerous distraction for drivers." This directly demonstrates the invention's lack of immediate success. Choice A correctly identifies this evidence - the car companies' rejection and their reasoning about distraction clearly supports the claim of poor initial reception. Choice B describes the technical details of how the device worked (rubber blade and lever), but this doesn't tell us anything about whether it succeeded or failed initially. Technical specifications aren't evidence of success or failure. Choice C explains what inspired Anderson to create the invention (the trolley ride), but inspiration doesn't relate to whether the invention was successful once created. Choice D actually contradicts the claim by showing the invention's eventual success ("became a standard feature"), rather than supporting evidence of its initial lack of success. Remember: when questions ask for supporting evidence, focus on details that directly prove the stated claim. Distinguish between information that describes circumstances around an event versus information that actually demonstrates the outcome or result being discussed.

Question 20

Which detail best supports the description of Anderson's device as being controlled from inside the car?

The device could be operated by a lever from inside the vehicle. (correct answer)
It was a device with a rubber blade meant to clean a window.
The driver had to open his window to wipe snow off the windshield.
She received a patent for her 'window cleaning device.'

Explanation: When you encounter questions asking for supporting details, you need to look for the answer choice that directly restates or paraphrases information from the passage that proves the claim being made. The question asks which detail best supports that Anderson's device was "controlled from inside the car." Looking at the passage, you'll find this exact phrase: "She sketched an idea for a device with a rubber blade that could be operated by a lever from inside the vehicle." Choice A restates this information word-for-word, making it the perfect supporting detail. Let's examine why the other choices don't work. Choice B describes what the device was (a rubber blade for cleaning), but says nothing about where it was controlled from. Choice C actually describes the old problem Anderson was trying to solve—the driver having to open his window—which is the opposite of inside control. Choice D mentions her patent but doesn't specify anything about the location of the controls. Notice how choices B and D give true facts about Anderson's invention, but they don't address the specific aspect mentioned in the question. Choice C is also factual but describes the problem, not Anderson's solution. When answering supporting detail questions, always look for the choice that directly addresses the specific claim in the question stem. Don't be fooled by answer choices that contain accurate information from the passage but don't actually support the particular point being asked about.