All questions
Question 1
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
The professor's feedback on the thesis was far from (i) ; rather than merely pointing out typos, she offered (ii) critiques that forced the student to rethink his entire argument.
- (i) flattering
- (i) harsh
- (i) perfunctory (correct answer)
- (ii) incisive (correct answer)
- (ii) gentle
- (ii) superficial
Explanation: The clause after the semicolon explains what the feedback was NOT and what it WAS, on the dimension of depth, not tone. 'Far from perfunctory' matches 'rather than merely pointing out typos,' since perfunctory means cursory; harsh and flattering address tone, a different dimension entirely, and are tempting but irrelevant to the depth contrast being drawn. Blank (ii) must describe deep, penetrating feedback that 'forced the student to rethink his entire argument,' so incisive fits; superficial contradicts this outcome, and gentle again addresses tone rather than depth. Only perfunctory/incisive preserves the depth-based contrast the sentence establishes.
Question 2
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
Despite the meteorologist's (i) warnings about the storm's potential to cause widespread flooding and power outages, most residents remained (ii) , assuming, as in past years, that the forecast was needlessly exaggerated.
- (i) mild
- (i) vague
- (i) dire (correct answer)
- (ii) cautious
- (ii) unfazed (correct answer)
- (ii) alarmed
Explanation: The final clause explains residents' reasoning: they assumed the forecast was 'exaggerated,' which fixes blank (ii) as unfazed; alarmed and cautious both contradict this stated dismissiveness. Given that residents were unfazed, 'Despite' requires a sharp contrast, meaning the warnings must have been severe for their disregard to be noteworthy—dire fits, describing serious warnings about flooding and outages. Mild and vague would make the residents' unconcern unsurprising rather than contrastive, undermining the logic signaled by 'Despite.' No other pairing creates the needed contrast while matching the explanatory final clause.
Question 3
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
Economists who once dismissed the policy as (i) , certain it would collapse under its own contradictions, have grown noticeably (ii) as unemployment figures have defied every prediction of disaster.
- (i) innovative
- (i) prudent
- (i) untenable (correct answer)
- (ii) strident
- (ii) circumspect (correct answer)
- (ii) vindicated
Explanation: The phrase 'certain it would collapse under its own contradictions' shows the economists held a harshly negative judgment, so blank (i) needs a term meaning unworkable—untenable fits; prudent and innovative are positive terms that clash with dismissing something as doomed to fail, making them contradictory pairings. The final clause shows their prediction was wrong, since unemployment 'defied every prediction of disaster,' so their confidence should now be undercut, requiring a more cautious, humbled tone—circumspect fits. Strident implies growing louder and more forceful, the opposite of humbled, and vindicated wrongly implies they were proven correct, when in fact events disproved them. Only untenable/circumspect captures both the original harsh dismissal and the subsequent chastened reaction.
Question 4
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
Though the reviewer's tone was ostensibly (i) , praising the novel's ambition and scope, her subsequent remarks about the author's "tedious" prose revealed a more (ii) assessment lurking beneath the surface.
- (i) indifferent
- (i) complimentary (correct answer)
- (i) derisive
- (ii) ambivalent
- (ii) scathing (correct answer)
- (ii) laudatory
Explanation: The passage sets up a surface-versus-substance contrast signaled by 'ostensibly' and 'though.' Blank (i) must be positive because the reviewer 'praises the novel's ambition and scope,' so complimentary fits; derisive and indifferent contradict the described praise. Blank (ii) must be strongly negative to match the criticism of 'tedious' prose and the word 'though,' which signals the true assessment differs from the surface tone—scathing fits. Laudatory simply repeats the surface tone rather than revealing something hidden, and ambivalent is too mild given the sharp criticism ('tedious'). No other pairing preserves both the surface/hidden contrast and the intensity implied by the quoted criticism.
Question 5
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
The ambassador's statement was calculated to be (i) enough to reassure both governments that war was not imminent, yet (ii) enough that neither side could claim she had committed her country to anything specific.
- (i) belligerent
- (i) effusive
- (i) conciliatory (correct answer)
- (ii) equivocal (correct answer)
- (ii) forthright
- (ii) conclusive
Explanation: The sentence requires a statement that does two things at once, so each blank must satisfy a distinct clause. Blank (i) must reassure against war, so conciliatory fits; belligerent directly contradicts reassurance, and effusive, while positive-sounding, does not specifically address war fears, making it a wrong-dimension distractor. Blank (ii) must explain why no country could claim commitment, requiring vagueness—equivocal fits; forthright and conclusive both imply clarity and specificity, which would let a side claim a concrete commitment, contradicting 'neither side could claim.' Only conciliatory/equivocal lets the statement be simultaneously calming and noncommittal, as diplomatic language often is.
Question 6
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
Critics often mistake the novelist's spare, unadorned prose for (i) , failing to notice that beneath its surface simplicity lies a (ii) structure of recurring motifs and buried allusions.
- (i) sophistication
- (i) verbosity
- (i) artlessness (correct answer)
- (ii) haphazard
- (ii) superficial
- (ii) painstakingly wrought (correct answer)
Explanation: The verb 'mistake' plus 'failing to notice' signals that critics hold a false belief about the prose's simplicity, which the rest of the sentence corrects. Blank (i) must be the mistaken, negative belief consistent with 'spare, unadorned' prose—artlessness fits; sophistication would actually be a correct assessment, making 'mistake' and 'failing to notice' nonsensical, and verbosity contradicts 'spare, unadorned' outright. Blank (ii) must describe the hidden complexity that critics miss, matching 'motifs and buried allusions'—painstakingly wrought fits; haphazard contradicts the deliberate patterning implied by 'recurring motifs,' and superficial merely restates the mistaken surface impression rather than the hidden depth the sentence reveals. Only artlessness/painstakingly wrought sustains the irony the sentence sets up.
Question 7
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
Maria's compliments to her rival struck most listeners as (i) , since her tone and timing suggested she meant the opposite of what she said; only the rival herself took the praise (ii) .
- (i) sardonic (correct answer)
- (i) effusive
- (i) sincere
- (ii) warily
- (ii) ironically
- (ii) literally (correct answer)
Explanation: The clause 'she meant the opposite of what she said' defines blank (i) as mocking rather than genuine praise, so sardonic fits; sincere directly contradicts this, and effusive addresses quantity of praise rather than its mocking intent, a wrong-dimension distractor. The word 'only' signals that the rival's reaction differed from everyone else's correct reading of the sarcasm—meaning the rival alone missed the irony and took the words at face value, so literally fits. Warily suggests she detected something suspicious (closer to the correct group reading), and ironically would mean she also caught the sarcasm, both contradicting 'only.' No other pairing preserves the single exception the sentence highlights.
Question 8
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
The senator's blunt remarks were hailed by supporters as admirably (i) but condemned by opponents as dangerously (ii) , even though both camps agreed on what she had actually said.
- (i) guarded
- (i) flippant
- (i) forthright (correct answer)
- (ii) provocative (correct answer)
- (ii) measured
- (ii) diplomatic
Explanation: The sentence shows the same 'blunt remarks' being praised and condemned, so both blanks must describe qualities consistent with bluntness, viewed positively and negatively respectively. Blank (i) needs a positive term for directness that fits 'admirably'—forthright works; guarded is the opposite of blunt, and flippant carries a dismissive connotation incompatible with 'admirably.' Blank (ii) needs a negative term for the same directness fitting 'dangerously'—provocative works; measured and diplomatic both contradict 'blunt' and 'dangerously,' describing restraint rather than risk. Since both camps described the same behavior, only forthright/provocative captures directness viewed through opposite evaluative lenses.
Question 9
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
Unlike her predecessor, whose management style was notoriously (i) , constantly second-guessing every decision employees made, the new director proved refreshingly (ii) , trusting her staff to complete projects without interference.
- (i) overbearing (correct answer)
- (i) lenient
- (i) erratic
- (ii) indulgent
- (ii) meddlesome
- (ii) permissive (correct answer)
Explanation: The sentence contrasts two management styles via 'Unlike.' Blank (i) is explained by 'constantly second-guessing every decision,' which describes controlling behavior—overbearing fits; lenient is the opposite direction (too permissive, contradicting the constant second-guessing), and erratic misses the point since the behavior is consistent, not inconsistent. Blank (ii) is explained by 'trusting her staff... without interference,' which matches permissive; meddlesome directly contradicts 'without interference,' and indulgent describes over-generosity rather than granting autonomy, a close but wrong nuance. No other combination satisfies both the described controlling behavior and the described trust.
Question 10
For each blank, choose the word or phrase that best contributes to a clear, logical sentence. Choose one answer for each blank: the choices for the first blank are labeled A–C; the choices for the second blank are labeled D–F.
The research team's initial findings were (i) , hinting at a breakthrough, but subsequent replication attempts proved so (ii) that most colleagues now regard the original claim with considerable skepticism.
- (i) unremarkable
- (i) conclusive
- (i) tantalizing (correct answer)
- (ii) rigorous
- (ii) inconsistent (correct answer)
- (ii) persuasive
Explanation: The word 'hinting' signals suggestive but unproven results, which fits tantalizing; conclusive contradicts 'hinting' by implying certainty, and unremarkable contradicts the excitement implied by 'a breakthrough.' The 'but' then signals a reversal explaining current skepticism, so blank (ii) must describe a failure to confirm the findings—inconsistent fits, since irreproducible results would justify doubt. Rigorous and persuasive would strengthen, not undermine, confidence in the original claim, the opposite of what the skepticism requires. Only tantalizing/inconsistent creates the initial-promise-to-later-doubt arc the sentence describes.
Question 11
Read in a flat monotone and lasting under a minute, the CEO's apology convinced few that the company felt real remorse.
- contrite
- effusive
- belated
- perfunctory (correct answer)
Explanation: A flat, minute-long apology that persuades no one is done as a mere formality, so 'perfunctory' fits. 'Belated' is tempting because late apologies also seem insincere, but the clues describe the manner of delivery, not its timing.
Question 12
In the sentence "Her studied indifference to the award fooled no one," the word "studied" most nearly means
- carefully researched
- genuinely felt
- deliberately affected (correct answer)
- widely examined
Explanation: 'Fooled no one' shows that her indifference was an act, so 'studied' means deliberately put on. 'Carefully researched' is the familiar meaning of the word, but it makes no sense when describing a show of feeling.
Question 13
Select the word that best completes the sentence. What admirers praised as his self-assurance, critics dismissed as mere .
- arrogance (correct answer)
- poise
- diffidence
- candor
Explanation: The sentence needs a word for the same trait with a negative tone. 'Arrogance' is self-assurance seen unkindly. 'Poise' is close in meaning, but it is a compliment, so it cannot be what critics dismissed it as.
Question 14
In the sentence "The critic's review was pointed but never cruel," the word "pointed" most nearly means
- having a sharp tip
- deliberately hurtful
- incisive and direct (correct answer)
- indicated by gesture
Explanation: A pointed review makes its criticisms sharply and clearly. 'Deliberately hurtful' is the tempting choice, but 'but never cruel' separates the review's directness from any wish to wound.
Question 15
In "Far from a dilettante, she was an assiduous scholar of medieval law," how does "assiduous" relate to "dilettante"?
- It names the dabbling a dilettante shows
- It restates dilettante with more emphasis
- It names the wealth a dilettante often has
- It names the diligence a dilettante lacks (correct answer)
Explanation: A dilettante dabbles superficially, and 'assiduous' means persistently diligent. 'Far from' signals that she has the very trait a dilettante lacks. Reading it as describing a dilettante's dabbling ignores that contrast and reverses the word's meaning.
Question 16
In the sentence "The senator's remarks were calculated to soothe, not inform," the word "calculated" most nearly means
- computed
- intended (correct answer)
- estimated
- cunning
Explanation: 'Calculated to soothe' means designed or intended to soothe. 'Cunning' is tempting because 'calculating' suggests scheming, but here the phrase only states the remarks' purpose. 'Cunning to soothe' also doesn't work grammatically.
Question 17
In "The child was curious, never nosy," how does "nosy" differ from "curious"?
- It implies having no interest in anything
- It implies prying into others' private affairs (correct answer)
- It is simply a more formal synonym
- It suggests a milder degree of interest
Explanation: Both words describe interest, but 'nosy' adds a negative sense of intruding into what isn't one's business. Calling it a mere synonym misses that the sentence uses 'never' to separate the admirable trait from the objectionable one.
Question 18
In "The critic's praise was so fulsome that the author suspected mockery," "fulsome" most nearly means
- generous and wholehearted
- brief and grudging
- technically precise
- excessive to the point of insincerity (correct answer)
Explanation: Praise that is laid on too thick seems insincere, which resolves why it made the author suspect mockery. Reading fulsome as wholehearted is tempting, but genuine warmth would leave the suspicion unexplained.
Question 19
In the sentence "Her prose is spare but never thin," the word "spare" most nearly means
- meager
- economical (correct answer)
- surplus
- merciful
Explanation: 'Spare' prose is lean and unadorned, so 'economical' fits. 'Meager' is tempting as a near-synonym, but its negative sense of lacking substance is exactly what 'never thin' denies. The sentence praises restraint, not deficiency.
Question 20
The memoir's account of loss is rather than maudlin: it admits grief plainly but never lingers to wring sympathy from the reader.
- mawkish
- callous
- effusive
- restrained (correct answer)
Explanation: The contrast with 'maudlin' and 'admits grief but never lingers' calls for emotional control, so 'restrained' fits. 'Callous' is tempting because it is also unsentimental, but it means unfeeling, and the memoir plainly acknowledges grief.