All questions
Question 1
Riverside Company recorded the following journal entries during March:
March 5: Accounts Receivable $12,000; Sales Revenue $12,000
March 8: Cash $8,500; Accounts Receivable $8,500
March 15: Accounts Receivable $6,200; Sales Revenue $6,200
March 22: Cash $4,100; Sales Discount $100; Accounts Receivable $4,200
March 28: Bad Debt Expense $800; Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $800
If the Accounts Receivable account had a beginning balance of $15,300, what is the ending balance in the Accounts Receivable ledger account after posting all March transactions?
- $21,700 (correct answer)
- $20,900
- $28,900
- $20,100
Explanation: The correct answer is A. Starting with 15,300,weaddthetwosalesentries(+12,000 and +6,200)andsubtractthetwocollectionentries(−8,500 and -$4,200). The bad debt expense affects Allowance for Doubtful Accounts, not Accounts Receivable directly. Calculation: $15,300 + $12,000 + $6,200 - $8,500 - $4,200 = $21,700. Choice B incorrectly subtracts the bad debt expense. Choice C incorrectly omits the collections. Choice D incorrectly includes the sales discount as a reduction to Accounts Receivable. Question 2
On December 31, a company made an adjusting entry to accrue $700 of salaries earned by employees but not yet paid. On January 1 of the following year, a reversing entry was made. On January 5, the company paid the full payroll of $5,000, which included the $700 accrued from the previous year. After the entry for the January 5th payroll is posted, what is the balance in the Salaries and Wages Expense account for the new year?
- $700 credit
- $5,700 debit
- $5,000 debit
- $4,300 debit (correct answer)
Explanation:
- The Dec 31 adjusting entry (Dr. Salaries Expense $700, Cr. Salaries Payable $700) is for the prior year. 2. The Jan 1 reversing entry is Dr. Salaries Payable $700, Cr. Salaries and Wages Expense $700. This creates a $700 credit balance in the Salaries and Wages Expense account at the start of the new year. 3. The Jan 5 payroll entry is Dr. Salaries and Wages Expense $5,000, Cr. Cash $5,000. 4. After posting the Jan 5 entry, the Salaries and Wages Expense account has a $700 credit and a $5,000 debit. The net balance is a 4,300debit(5,000 - $700), which represents the actual expense for the new period.
Question 3
A journal entry to record the payment of rent for $1,200 was correctly journalized as a debit to Rent Expense and a credit to Cash. However, when posting to the ledger, the debit to Rent Expense was erroneously posted as a $2,100 debit. The credit to Cash was posted correctly. As a result of this error, the trial balance totals will show that:
- total debits exceed total credits by $900. (correct answer)
- total debits exceed total credits by $2,100.
- total credits exceed total debits by $900.
- the trial balance will still be in balance.
Explanation: The journal entry had equal debits and credits ($1,200). In the ledger, the credit side received the correct $1,200 credit. The debit side, however, received a $2,100 debit instead of a $1,200 debit. This means the total of the debit balances in the ledger is 900higherthanthetotalofthecreditbalances(2,100 posted - $1,200 correct = $900 excess debit). Therefore, the trial balance's debit column will be $900 greater than its credit column. Question 4
The sales journal for a company shows total credit sales of $95,000 for the month. The Accounts Receivable control account in the general ledger had a beginning debit balance of $18,000. Cash collections from customers on account during the month totaled $72,000. All journal entries were posted correctly. What is the ending balance of the Accounts Receivable control account?
- $149,000
- $23,000
- $41,000 (correct answer)
- $5,000
Explanation: The ending balance is calculated as: Beginning Balance + Credit Sales - Cash Collections. The post from the sales journal is a debit to Accounts Receivable for the total of $95,000. The post from the cash receipts journal for collections is a credit to Accounts Receivable for $72,000. Calculation: $18,000 (beg. debit) + $95,000 (debit) - $72,000 (credit) = $41,000.
Question 5
A company has a beginning balance in its Allowance for Doubtful Accounts of $5,000 (credit). During the period, the company wrote off a specific customer's account receivable of $2,000 as uncollectible. At the end of the period, the company estimated bad debt expense to be $8,000 and made the appropriate adjusting entry. After all entries are posted, what is the ending balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts?
- $15,000
- $1,000
- $11,000 (correct answer)
- $5,000
Explanation: The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is a contra-asset account with a normal credit balance. Start with the $5,000 beginning credit balance. The write-off of a specific account is recorded with a debit to the Allowance account and a credit to Accounts Receivable. So, the balance becomes $5,000 (credit) - $2,000 (debit) = $3,000 (credit). The adjusting entry for bad debt expense is a debit to Bad Debt Expense and a credit to the Allowance account for $8,000. The final balance is $3,000 (credit) + $8,000 (credit) = $11,000 (credit).
Question 6
The Accounts Payable ledger account had a normal balance of $22,000 on November 1. During the month, the only transaction affecting the account was a payment of $8,000 to a supplier. However, the ending balance on November 30 was found to be $31,000. What is the value of inventory purchases on account that occurred in November but were not described?
- $17,000 (correct answer)
- $9,000
- $1,000
- $25,000
Explanation: This requires working backward. Let 'X' be the unknown purchases on account. The formula for the ending Accounts Payable balance is: Beginning Balance + Purchases - Payments = Ending Balance. So, $22,000 + X - $8,000 = $31,000. Simplifying gives $14,000 + X = $31,000. Solving for X yields $17,000.
Question 7
On March 1, the Supplies account had a debit balance of $1,200. During March, the company purchased supplies for $800 on account and later used $1,500 of supplies. The journal entry for the purchase was posted, but the adjusting entry for the supplies used was accidentally posted with a debit to Supplies Expense for $1,500 and a credit to the Supplies account for $500. What is the balance of the Supplies account on March 31?
- $500
- $1,500 (correct answer)
- $700
- $2,000
Explanation: The beginning balance of the Supplies account is a $1,200 debit. The purchase of supplies for $800 on account results in an $800 debit to Supplies, increasing the balance to 2,000(1,200 + $800). The adjusting entry was posted with a credit of only $500 to the Supplies account, not the correct $1,500. Therefore, the ending balance is $2,000 - $500 = $1,500. Question 8
A company's Equipment account had a beginning balance of $150,000. The Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment account had a beginning credit balance of $45,000. On July 1, the company purchased new equipment for $30,000 cash. On December 31, the company recorded depreciation expense of $18,000 for the year. After all journal entries are posted, what is the book value of the equipment?
- $117,000 (correct answer)
- $135,000
- $87,000
- $102,000
Explanation: First, calculate the ending balance of the Equipment account: $150,000 (beginning) + $30,000 (purchase) = $180,000. Second, calculate the ending balance of the Accumulated Depreciation account: $45,000 (beginning) + $18,000 (depreciation) = $63,000. The book value is the equipment's cost minus its accumulated depreciation: $180,000 - $63,000 = $117,000.
Question 9
A company made a sale of $1,000 on account to Customer X. The transaction was correctly journalized. When posting, the debit to Accounts Receivable was correctly posted to the general ledger control account, but the debit was incorrectly posted to Customer Y's account in the subsidiary ledger. Which of the following statements is true?
- The trial balance will be out of balance.
- The sum of the balances in the subsidiary ledger will not equal the balance in the control account.
- The company's total assets will be understated.
- The balance of the Accounts Receivable control account will be correct, and the sum of the subsidiary ledger balances will also be correct. (correct answer)
Explanation: The error occurred within the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger. The general ledger control account for Accounts Receivable was debited correctly for $1,000. The sum of all customer account balances in the subsidiary ledger is also correct in total, as a $1,000 debit was posted, just to the wrong customer. Therefore, the control account balance will equal the sum of the subsidiary ledger balances. The trial balance will be in balance because the general ledger postings were correct. The error will only be discovered when Customer Y complains about an incorrect charge or Customer X is flagged for non-payment.
Question 10
The Cash ledger account for a company had a debit balance of $15,200 at the beginning of the month. During the month, total cash credits posted to the ledger amounted to $34,500. If the ending balance of the Cash account was $8,100, what were the total cash debits posted to the account during the month?
- $27,400 (correct answer)
- $41,600
- $11,200
- $19,300
Explanation: The relationship in the Cash T-account is: Beginning Balance + Debits - Credits = Ending Balance. Plugging in the known values: $15,200 + Debits - $34,500 = $8,100. First, combine the known values: Debits - $19,300 = $8,100. Then, solve for Debits: Debits = $8,100 + $19,300 = $27,400.
Question 11
An accountant recorded a cash collection of $6,780 from a customer on account. The journal entry was correct. However, while posting, the credit to Accounts Receivable was posted as $7,680 due to a transposition error. The debit to Cash was posted correctly. If the Accounts Receivable account had a balance of $50,000 before this posting, what is its balance after the erroneous posting?
- $42,320 (correct answer)
- $43,220
- $49,100
- $57,680
Explanation: Accounts Receivable has a normal debit balance. The beginning balance is $50,000. A collection from a customer decreases this balance, so it should be credited. The amount posted as a credit was $7,680. Therefore, the new balance is the beginning debit balance minus the credit posting: $50,000 - $7,680 = $42,320.
Question 12
A company purchased inventory for $5,000 with terms 2/10, n/30. The company uses a perpetual inventory system and records purchase discounts using the gross method. The company paid the supplier in full on the 8th day. The payment transaction was correctly journalized and posted. What was the net effect of posting the payment journal entry on the ledger accounts?
- A debit to Accounts Payable for $5,000 and credits to Cash for $4,900 and Purchase Discounts for $100.
- A debit to Accounts Payable for $4,900 and a credit to Cash for $4,900.
- A debit to Accounts Payable for $5,000 and credits to Cash for $5,000.
- A debit to Accounts Payable for $5,000 and credits to Cash for $4,900 and Inventory for $100. (correct answer)
Explanation: Under the gross method, Accounts Payable is initially credited for the full 5,000.Payingwithinthe10−daydiscountperiodentitlesthecompanytoa25,000 * 0.02 = $100). The cash paid is $5,000 - $100 = $4,900. The journal entry to record the payment removes the full liability, so Accounts Payable is debited for $5,000. Cash is credited for the amount paid, $4,900. In a perpetual system, the purchase discount reduces the cost of the inventory, so Inventory is credited for $100. Question 13
A company's trial balance shows total debits of $125,000 and total credits of $123,500. A review of the ledger reveals that a credit sale of $750 was correctly journalized but was posted as a debit to Accounts Receivable for $750 and a debit to Sales Revenue for $750. How will the trial balance totals appear after correcting this single posting error?
- Debits and credits will both equal $123,500.
- Debits and credits will both equal $125,000.
- Debits will equal $124,250 and credits will equal $125,000.
- Debits and credits will both equal $124,250. (correct answer)
Explanation: The error was posting a $750 credit to Sales Revenue as a $750 debit. This overstates the trial balance's debit total by $750 and understates the credit total by $750. The difference between debits and credits is $750 + $750 = 1,500,whichmatchesthegivenimbalance(125,000 - $123,500). To correct this, we need to decrease total debits by $750 and increase total credits by $750. Corrected Debits = $125,000 - $750 = $124,250. Corrected Credits = $123,500 + $750 = $124,250. Both totals will balance at $124,250. Question 14
A company using a perpetual inventory system had a beginning balance in its Inventory account of $50,000. It then engaged in the following transactions: (1) Purchased inventory on account for $20,000. (2) Returned $3,000 of defective inventory to the supplier. (3) Sold inventory that cost $25,000 for $40,000 on account. After these transactions are posted, what is the balance in the Inventory T-account?
- $42,000 (correct answer)
- $45,000
- $2,000
- $62,000
Explanation: The Inventory account is affected by all three transactions. Start with the beginning debit balance of $50,000. (1) The purchase increases inventory, so debit Inventory for $20,000. Balance is now $70,000. (2) The return decreases inventory, so credit Inventory for $3,000. Balance is now $67,000. (3) The sale decreases inventory by its cost, so credit Inventory for $25,000. The final balance is $67,000 - $25,000 = $42,000. The sales price of $40,000 affects Sales Revenue and Accounts Receivable, not Inventory.
Question 15
A firm's Unearned Revenue account had a beginning credit balance of $12,000. During the period, the firm collected an additional $15,000 from customers for work to be performed later. By the end of the period, the ledger showed that a total of $19,000 of revenue had been earned from both past and current prepayments. If the accountant posted all entries correctly, what is the ending balance in the Unearned Revenue account?
- $27,000
- $16,000
- $8,000 (correct answer)
- $3,000
Explanation: The Unearned Revenue account has a normal credit balance. Start with the beginning balance of $12,000. The collection of an additional $15,000 is posted as a credit, increasing the balance to $12,000 + $15,000 = $27,000. When revenue is earned, an adjusting entry is made to debit Unearned Revenue and credit Service Revenue. Since $19,000 was earned, the Unearned Revenue account is debited for $19,000. The ending balance is $27,000 (credit) - $19,000 (debit) = $8,000 (credit).
Question 16
On January 1, a company's Retained Earnings account had a credit balance of $250,000. For the year, the company reported net income of $75,000 and declared and paid cash dividends of $20,000. The bookkeeper correctly posted the closing entry for revenues and expenses but forgot to post the closing entry for dividends. What is the balance in the Retained Earnings account on December 31 before the error is corrected?
- $305,000
- $255,000
- $325,000 (correct answer)
- $230,000
Explanation: Retained Earnings starts at $250,000. Net income increases Retained Earnings, so the closing entry for revenues and expenses results in a $75,000 credit to Retained Earnings. The balance after this posting is $250,000 + $75,000 = $325,000. Dividends decrease Retained Earnings, but the closing entry for dividends (a debit to Retained Earnings) was forgotten. Therefore, the balance remains at $325,000.
Question 17
A company purchased equipment by paying $10,000 in cash and signing a $40,000 note payable. The journal entry was recorded and posted. Immediately after this posting, which of the following reflects the balances in the affected ledger accounts, assuming all had zero beginning balances?
- Equipment $50,000 debit; Cash $10,000 debit; Notes Payable $40,000 credit
- Equipment $50,000 debit; Cash $10,000 credit; Notes Payable $40,000 credit (correct answer)
- Equipment $40,000 debit; Cash $10,000 credit; Notes Payable $50,000 credit
- Equipment $50,000 debit; Cash $10,000 credit; Notes Payable $40,000 debit
Explanation: The acquisition cost of the equipment is the sum of the cash paid and the note given: $10,000 + $40,000 = $50,000. The journal entry is a debit to Equipment for $50,000. The company paid cash, which is a decrease in an asset, so Cash is credited for $10,000. The company incurred a new liability, so Notes Payable is credited for $40,000. Assuming zero beginning balances, these amounts will be the new balances in the ledger accounts.
Question 18
A company had a beginning balance of $0 in its Interest Payable account. On November 1, the company signed a 6-month, 8% note payable for $30,000. The company's year-end is December 31. The accountant made and posted the correct year-end adjusting entry for accrued interest. What is the balance in the Interest Payable account on December 31?
- $200
- $400 (correct answer)
- $1,200
- $2,400
Explanation: The company needs to accrue interest for two months (November and December). The formula for interest is Principal x Rate x Time. Interest for two months = $30,000 x 8% x (2/12). Annual interest is $30,000 * 0.08 = $2,400. Monthly interest is $2,400 / 12 = $200. For two months, the accrued interest is 2 * $200 = $400. The adjusting entry is a debit to Interest Expense and a credit to Interest Payable for $400. Since the beginning balance was $0, the ending balance in Interest Payable is $400.
Question 19
On October 1, a firm received $9,000 cash from a client for services to be performed evenly over the next three months. The firm initially recorded this by debiting Cash and crediting Unearned Service Revenue. No adjusting entries were made until December 31. After the correct adjusting entry is posted on December 31, what will be the final balances in the Unearned Service Revenue and Service Revenue accounts?
- Unearned Service Revenue $0; Service Revenue $9,000 (correct answer)
- Unearned Service Revenue $3,000; Service Revenue $6,000
- Unearned Service Revenue $6,000; Service Revenue $3,000
- Unearned Service Revenue $0; Service Revenue $3,000
Explanation: The service is performed evenly over October, November, and December. The monthly revenue is $9,000 / 3 = $3,000. By December 31, all three months of service have been provided, so the entire $9,000 has been earned. The adjusting entry on Dec 31 would be a debit to Unearned Service Revenue for $9,000 and a credit to Service Revenue for $9,000. The initial $9,000 credit balance in Unearned Service Revenue is reduced to zero by the $9,000 debit. The Service Revenue account will have a $9,000 credit balance.
Question 20
A company paid $1,800 for a three-month insurance policy on February 1. The bookkeeper debited Insurance Expense and credited Cash for $1,800. On February 28, the controller discovered the error and prepared a correcting entry. After the correcting entry is posted, what is the balance in the Prepaid Insurance account?
- $1,800
- $1,200 (correct answer)
- $600
- $0
Explanation: The initial incorrect entry was Dr. Insurance Expense $1,800, Cr. Cash $1,800. The correct entry on Feb 1 should have been Dr. Prepaid Insurance $1,800, Cr. Cash $1,800. The correcting entry must reclassify the amount. It would be Dr. Prepaid Insurance $1,800, Cr. Insurance Expense 1,800.However,bytheendofFebruary,onemonthofinsurance(1,800 / 3 = $600) has expired. The correcting entry should establish the correct balance. The most efficient correcting entry would be Dr. Prepaid Insurance $1,200, Cr. Insurance Expense $1,200, to leave $600 in the expense account and establish the correct asset balance. The question asks for the balance after correction. The Prepaid Insurance account should reflect the unexpired portion, which is two months' worth: 2 * $600 = $1,200.