All questions
Question 1
You're at a French train station and overhear an announcement about platform changes, but you missed the crucial details. You need to catch a specific train to Lyon that leaves soon, and you see several platforms with trains. You approach a station employee who appears busy helping other travelers. What question would most efficiently get you the critical information you need without taking up too much of their time?
- Où se trouve le quai pour le train de Lyon qui part bientôt? (correct answer)
- Quand partent tous les trains pour Lyon aujourd'hui?
- Comment peut-on savoir si le train pour Lyon a du retard?
- Qu'est-ce qui se passe avec les changements de quais?
Explanation: Option A is correct because 'Où' directly asks for the platform location, 'qui part bientôt' specifies the urgent train you need, making it efficient and specific. Option B asks for all Lyon train times, which is too broad and time-consuming. Option C asks about delays, not platform location. Option D asks about general platform changes, not your specific train's location.
Question 2
Thomas is lost in Paris and approaches a stranger for help finding his way to the Louvre museum.
Thomas needs to ask for directions to get to the Louvre. Which question formation demonstrates the correct use of 'où' in this context?
- Où est-ce que je peux trouver le Louvre? (correct answer)
- Où est-ce que le Louvre se trouve-t-il?
- Où le Louvre est situé exactement ici?
- Où que le Louvre se trouve dans Paris?
Explanation: Option A uses the correct question formation with 'Où est-ce que' + subject + verb. Option B contains redundant question formation (both 'est-ce que' and inversion 'se trouve-t-il'). Option C has incorrect word order and awkward phrasing. Option D incorrectly uses 'Où que' which is used for subjunctive constructions, not direct questions.
Question 3
Sophie is at a French market and wants to buy some cheese, but she needs to know the price before making her purchase.
Sophie sees several types of cheese but no price tags. To ask about the cost of the Roquefort cheese specifically, which question should she use?
- Combien coûte le fromage de Roquefort là-bas? (correct answer)
- Quel prix a ce Roquefort que vous vendez?
- Comment ça coûte pour le Roquefort exactement?
- Pourquoi le Roquefort coûte-t-il ce prix-là?
Explanation: Option A correctly uses 'Combien coûte' (how much costs) which is the standard way to ask about price in French. Option B uses 'Quel prix a' which is awkward and not standard French for price inquiries. Option C incorrectly uses 'Comment ça coûte' - 'comment' asks about manner, not price. Option D uses 'Pourquoi' (why) which asks for reasons about the price, not the actual cost.
Question 4
Claire is at a French restaurant and wants to understand more about a dish on the menu that she's never heard of before.
Claire sees 'Coq au vin' on the menu but doesn't know what it is. To ask the waiter for an explanation of this dish, which question is most appropriate?
- Qu'est-ce que c'est exactement, le coq au vin? (correct answer)
- Où est-ce qu'on fait le coq au vin traditionnellement?
- Combien coûte ce plat de coq au vin?
- Pourquoi vous servez du coq au vin ici?
Explanation: Option A correctly uses 'Qu'est-ce que c'est' to ask for an explanation or definition of the dish. Option B uses 'Où' to ask about geographical origin, not what the dish is. Option C asks about price with 'Combien', not explanation. Option D asks why they serve it with 'Pourquoi', not what it contains.
Question 5
Julie is helping her elderly neighbor who seems confused about what day it is and appears to have forgotten about an important appointment.
Julie wants to gently help her neighbor remember what day today is. Which question appropriately asks about the current day?
- Pourquoi vous ne savez pas la date?
- Comment allez-vous vous sentir aujourd'hui madame?
- Où devez-vous aller pour votre rendez-vous?
- Savez-vous quel jour nous sommes aujourd'hui exactement? (correct answer)
Explanation: When communicating with elderly individuals who may be experiencing confusion, the key is using gentle, respectful language that doesn't make them feel embarrassed or defensive about their memory difficulties.
Option D, "Savez-vous quel jour nous sommes aujourd'hui exactement?" is the most appropriate because it uses the formal "vous" form (essential when speaking to an elderly person you're not intimately familiar with) and asks the question in a gentle, non-confrontational way. The phrase "quel jour nous sommes" (what day we are) is a standard, polite way to inquire about the current day, and "exactement" (exactly) adds precision without being harsh.
Option A is problematic because "Pourquoi vous ne savez pas la date?" directly points out that the neighbor doesn't know the date, which could embarrass or upset someone with memory issues. Option B, "Comment allez-vous vous sentir aujourd'hui madame?" asks about future feelings rather than the current day, making it irrelevant to Julie's goal. Option C, "Où devez-vous aller pour votre rendez-vous?" asks about the appointment location but doesn't help establish what day it is, which is the primary concern.
When practicing conversational French scenarios involving sensitive situations, remember that tone and respect are crucial. Always use "vous" with elderly individuals unless they specifically invite familiarity, and choose indirect, gentle phrasing over direct statements that might highlight someone's confusion or difficulties.
Question 6
Emma is organizing a group trip and needs to coordinate with her friends about their transportation preferences.
Emma wants to find out how her friends plan to get to the destination. Which question properly asks about their method of transportation?
- Comment est-ce que vous allez y aller? (correct answer)
- Quand est-ce que vous allez partir là-bas?
- Pourquoi vous voulez aller en voiture exactement?
- Combien de temps pour aller à destination?
Explanation: Option A correctly uses 'Comment' (how) to ask about the method of transportation. Option B uses 'Quand' (when) which asks about time, not transportation method. Option C uses 'Pourquoi' (why) and assumes they want to go by car, asking for reasons rather than method. Option D asks about duration with 'Combien de temps' rather than transportation method.
Question 7
Isabelle is at a travel agency trying to book a vacation package to Morocco, but she needs more details about the costs involved.
Isabelle wants to know the total price for the Morocco trip package including all fees. Which question correctly asks for comprehensive pricing information?
- Combien coûte le voyage complet avec tous frais inclus? (correct answer)
- Comment calcule-t-on le prix de ce voyage exactement?
- Pourquoi ce voyage coûte-t-il si cher cette année?
- Quand doit-on payer la totalité du voyage?
Explanation: Option A correctly uses 'Combien coûte' to ask for the total price information. Option B uses 'Comment' to ask about how the price is calculated, not the actual amount. Option C uses 'Pourquoi' to ask why it's expensive, not the total cost. Option D uses 'Quand' to ask about payment timing, not the price itself.
Question 8
François is taking a cooking class and the instructor has just demonstrated a technique he didn't fully understand.
François wants to ask the instructor to explain the method for properly folding the dough. Which question correctly requests information about the technique?
- Quand doit-on commencer à plier la pâte?
- Pourquoi faut-il plier la pâte de cette manière?
- Comment doit-on plier la pâte correctement? (correct answer)
- Où apprend-on cette technique de pliage traditionnelle?
Explanation: When you encounter questions about requesting information in French, focus on identifying the specific type of information being sought. The key is matching the appropriate interrogative word (question word) to what the person actually wants to know.
François needs to understand the method or technique for folding dough - he wants to know "how" to do it properly. Answer C) "Comment doit-on plier la pâte correctement?" uses "comment" (how), which directly asks for an explanation of the method or technique. This perfectly matches François's need to understand the process the instructor demonstrated.
Answer A) "Quand doit-on commencer à plier la pâte?" asks "when" to start folding, focusing on timing rather than the technique itself. While timing might be relevant, François's primary concern is understanding the method, not the schedule.
Answer B) "Pourquoi faut-il plier la pâte de cette manière?" asks "why" the dough must be folded this way. This seeks the reasoning or purpose behind the technique, but François first needs to understand what the technique actually is before worrying about why it's done.
Answer D) "Où apprend-on cette technique de pliage traditionnelle?" asks "where" one learns this traditional folding technique. This is asking about location or source of learning, which doesn't help François understand the actual method.
Remember: Match your question word to the type of information you need. "Comment" for methods and processes, "quand" for time, "pourquoi" for reasons, and "où" for places. Always consider what the speaker's real objective is in the given context.
Question 9
Sarah is interviewing potential roommates and wants to learn about their daily routines to see if they're compatible.
Sarah wants to understand what time her potential roommate typically goes to bed. Which question correctly asks about bedtime habits?
- Où préférez-vous dormir dans l'appartement normalement?
- Combien d'heures dormez-vous chaque nuit habituellement?
- Comment vous préparez-vous pour dormir le soir?
- À quelle heure vous couchez-vous généralement le soir? (correct answer)
Explanation: When asking about specific times and routines in French, you need to match your question structure to what information you're actually seeking. This question tests your ability to distinguish between different types of inquiries about sleep habits and daily routines.
Option D) "À quelle heure vous couchez-vous généralement le soir?" directly asks "What time do you generally go to bed in the evening?" This precisely targets bedtime habits by using "à quelle heure" (at what time) and the reflexive verb "se coucher" (to go to bed), which specifically means the act of going to bed for sleep.
Option A) asks "Where do you prefer to sleep in the apartment normally?" This focuses on location within the apartment rather than timing. Option B) asks "How many hours do you sleep each night usually?" While sleep-related, this asks about duration, not bedtime. Sarah would learn someone sleeps 8 hours but still not know if they sleep from 10 PM to 6 AM or midnight to 8 AM. Option C) asks "How do you prepare for sleep in the evening?" This inquires about bedtime routines and preparation rituals, not the actual time someone goes to bed.
Each wrong answer addresses sleep but misses the specific timing aspect that Sarah needs to assess compatibility.
Remember that "à quelle heure" is your go-to phrase for asking "at what time" about any activity. When combined with "se coucher," you're specifically asking about bedtime, not nap time or sleep duration. For roommate compatibility questions, focus on the precise information being sought rather than general topic similarity.
Question 10
Pierre is at a train station and needs to catch a train to Lyon, but he's unsure about the departure schedule.
Pierre approaches the information desk to ask about train departure times. Which question correctly uses the interrogative to ask when the next train leaves?
- À quelle heure part le prochain train pour Lyon? (correct answer)
- Combien d'heures jusqu'au prochain train pour Lyon?
- Où part le train suivant qui va vers Lyon?
- Comment le prochain train part-il pour Lyon exactement?
Explanation: Option A correctly uses 'À quelle heure' to ask about specific departure time. Option B uses 'Combien d'heures' which asks about duration until departure, not the actual departure time. Option C uses 'Où' (where) which asks about location, not time. Option D uses 'Comment' (how) which asks about the manner of departure, not when it occurs.
Question 11
Elena is organizing a potluck dinner and needs to coordinate who is bringing what dish to avoid duplicates.
Elena calls her friend to find out what dish she plans to contribute to the potluck. Which question correctly asks about her friend's intended contribution?
- Comment vas-tu cuisiner ton plat spécial?
- Combien de plats vas-tu préparer pour nous?
- Qu'est-ce que tu vas apporter pour le dîner? (correct answer)
- Où vas-tu acheter les ingrédients nécessaires?
Explanation: This question tests your ability to ask about future intentions and contributions in French, specifically using the correct interrogative words and verb forms.
The correct answer is C) "Qu'est-ce que tu vas apporter pour le dîner?" This question directly asks "What are you going to bring for dinner?" It uses "qu'est-ce que" (what) to ask about the specific item, "vas apporter" (are going to bring) to indicate future contribution, and "pour le dîner" (for dinner) to specify the context. This perfectly matches Elena's need to find out what dish her friend plans to contribute.
Let's examine why the other options don't work. Option A) "Comment vas-tu cuisiner ton plat spécial?" asks "How are you going to cook your special dish?" This assumes the friend already has a specific dish in mind and asks about cooking method, not what dish they're bringing. Option B) "Combien de plats vas-tu préparer pour nous?" asks "How many dishes are you going to prepare for us?" This focuses on quantity rather than identifying the specific contribution. Option D) "Où vas-tu acheter les ingrédients nécessaires?" asks "Where are you going to buy the necessary ingredients?" This asks about shopping location, not about what dish will be brought.
When asking about future plans or contributions in French, focus on matching your question word to the information you need: "qu'est-ce que" for "what," "comment" for "how," "combien" for "how many/much," and "où" for "where." Always ensure your question directly addresses the specific information you're seeking.
Question 12
Alexandre is at a museum and wants to know more about the historical period of a particular painting he's viewing.
Alexandre wants to ask the museum guide about when the painting was created. Which question correctly inquires about the time period of the artwork?
- Où ce tableau était-il exposé à l'origine?
- Comment cette œuvre a-t-elle été créée historiquement?
- À quelle époque ce tableau a-t-il été peint? (correct answer)
- Pourquoi l'artiste a-t-il choisi ce style particulier?
Explanation: When asking about time periods in French, you need to recognize the key question words and structures that specifically target temporal information.
Option C, "À quelle époque ce tableau a-t-il été peint?" is correct because it directly asks about the time period using "à quelle époque" (in what era/period). This phrase specifically inquires about historical periods, making it perfect for Alexandre's goal of learning when the painting was created. The formal question structure with inversion ("a-t-il été peint") is also appropriate for a museum setting.
Let's examine why the other options miss the mark. Option A asks "Où ce tableau était-il exposé à l'origine?" which inquires about location ("où" = where), not time period. This would help Alexandre learn where the painting was originally displayed, but not when it was made. Option B, "Comment cette œuvre a-t-elle été créée historiquement?" asks about the method or process of creation ("comment" = how), not the time period. While "historiquement" relates to history, the question focuses on technique rather than chronology. Option D asks "Pourquoi l'artiste a-t-il choisi ce style particulier?" which seeks the reason behind the artist's stylistic choice ("pourquoi" = why), not temporal information.
Remember this pattern: "À quelle époque" is your go-to phrase for asking about historical time periods in French. When you see questions about temporal information, look for time-specific interrogative phrases rather than those asking about location, method, or reasoning.
Question 13
Marie is planning a dinner party and needs to gather information from her guests about their preferences and availability.
Marie wants to know what time her guests prefer to eat dinner. Which question would be most appropriate for her to ask in French?
- À quelle heure préférez-vous dîner ce soir? (correct answer)
- Combien de temps voulez-vous dîner ce soir?
- Pourquoi voulez-vous dîner à cette heure-là?
- Comment voulez-vous dîner ce soir exactement?
Explanation: Option A correctly uses 'À quelle heure' (at what time) to ask about the preferred dinner time. Option B incorrectly uses 'Combien de temps' (how much time/how long) which asks about duration, not time. Option C uses 'Pourquoi' (why) which asks for reasons rather than time preference. Option D uses 'Comment' (how) which asks about manner, not time.
Question 14
Nathalie is planning a surprise birthday party for her friend and needs to gather information about the friend's preferences without revealing the surprise.
Nathalie wants to subtly find out what kind of cake her friend likes best. Which question would help her gather this information most naturally?
- Combien de gâteaux manges-tu par semaine normalement?
- Quel genre de gâteau préfères-tu en général? (correct answer)
- Comment fait-on ton gâteau préféré exactement?
- Où achètes-tu tes gâteaux d'anniversaire habituellement?
Explanation: This question tests your ability to choose natural, conversational French for gathering information without seeming suspicious. When asking about someone's preferences indirectly, you need questions that feel like casual conversation rather than obvious fact-finding missions.
Option B, "Quel genre de gâteau préfères-tu en général?" (What kind of cake do you prefer in general?) is the most natural and effective choice. This question directly addresses Nathalie's goal—learning her friend's cake preferences—while sounding like a normal conversation topic. The phrase "en général" makes it feel casual and not tied to any specific event.
Option A asks "Combien de gâteaux manges-tu par semaine normalement?" (How many cakes do you eat per week normally?), which focuses on quantity rather than preferences and would sound quite odd in casual conversation. Option C, "Comment fait-on ton gâteau préféré exactement?" (How do you make your favorite cake exactly?), assumes the friend bakes and asks for detailed instructions—too specific and potentially suspicious for someone planning a surprise. Option D, "Où achètes-tu tes gâteaux d'anniversaire habituellement?" (Where do you usually buy your birthday cakes?), directly mentions birthdays, which could easily give away the surprise.
For conversational French scenarios, choose questions that sound natural and serve your information-gathering purpose without being too obvious or specific. Practice distinguishing between direct fact-finding and casual conversation—the latter always sounds more natural and less suspicious in real interactions.
Question 15
Camille is house-sitting for her neighbors and needs to understand their pet care routine, particularly feeding schedules.
Camille needs to know how often she should feed the neighbor's cat during their absence. Which question correctly asks about feeding frequency?
- À quelle heure exacte mange le chat normalement?
- Combien de fois par jour dois-je nourrir le chat? (correct answer)
- Où le chat préfère-t-il manger ses repas habituellement?
- Pourquoi le chat mange-t-il cette nourriture spéciale?
Explanation: When asking about routines and schedules in French, you need to distinguish between specific timing questions and frequency questions. This question tests your ability to identify the correct interrogative phrase for asking "how often" something happens.
Option B, "Combien de fois par jour dois-je nourrir le chat?" correctly asks about feeding frequency. The key phrase "combien de fois" means "how many times," which directly addresses how often the cat should be fed per day. This gives Camille the practical information she needs about the feeding schedule.
Option A asks "À quelle heure exacte mange le chat normalement?" This focuses on the specific time when the cat normally eats, not how frequently. While timing might be useful, it doesn't answer the core question about feeding frequency during the neighbors' absence.
Option C asks "Où le chat préfère-t-il manger ses repas habituellement?" This inquires about where the cat prefers to eat, which is about location rather than frequency. This information wouldn't help Camille understand the feeding schedule.
Option D asks "Pourquoi le chat mange-t-il cette nourriture spéciale?" This question asks why the cat eats special food, focusing on the reason behind the food choice rather than feeding frequency.
Remember that "combien de fois" is your go-to phrase for asking about frequency in French. When you see questions about routines or schedules, look for this phrase to distinguish frequency questions from those asking about specific times, locations, or reasons.
Question 16
David is at a conference and wants to network with other attendees, but he needs to find out what companies they work for.
David approaches a fellow conference attendee and wants to ask about their workplace. Which question appropriately inquires about their company?
- Pourquoi avez-vous choisi cette carrière professionnelle?
- Comment votre entreprise fonctionne-t-elle exactement?
- Dans quelle entreprise travaillez-vous actuellement? (correct answer)
- Quand avez-vous commencé dans cette industrie?
Explanation: When networking at professional events, you need to ask direct, clear questions to efficiently gather the information you're seeking. This question tests your ability to choose the most appropriate French phrase for a specific conversational goal.
Option C, "Dans quelle entreprise travaillez-vous actuellement?" is the perfect choice because it directly translates to "What company do you currently work for?" This question uses formal register (appropriate for professional networking), includes "actuellement" (currently) to specify present employment, and asks precisely what David needs to know - the person's company.
Let's examine why the other options miss the mark. Option A, "Pourquoi avez-vous choisi cette carrière professionnelle?" asks "Why did you choose this professional career?" This inquires about career motivation, not company information. Option B, "Comment votre entreprise fonctionne-t-elle exactement?" means "How exactly does your company function?" This assumes David already knows where the person works and wants operational details - putting the cart before the horse. Option D, "Quand avez-vous commencé dans cette industrie?" asks "When did you start in this industry?" This focuses on timeline and industry entry, not the specific workplace.
When practicing conversational French for professional settings, always match your question to your specific information goal. Notice how the key vocabulary here includes "dans quelle" (in which/what) + "entreprise" (company) + "travaillez-vous" (do you work) - this combination directly targets company identification, making networking conversations more efficient and purposeful.
Question 17
Olivier is at a French university and needs to find a specific professor's office for an important meeting about his thesis.
Olivier approaches the department secretary to ask about the professor's office location. Which question correctly asks for specific location information?
- Comment puis-je contacter le professeur Martin directement?
- Dans quel bureau se trouve le professeur Martin? (correct answer)
- Quand le professeur Martin sera-t-il disponible aujourd'hui?
- Pourquoi le professeur Martin a-t-il changé de bureau?
Explanation: When asking for location information in French, you need to focus on question words that specifically request spatial details. This question tests your ability to distinguish between different types of information requests in a conversational context.
Option B, "Dans quel bureau se trouve le professeur Martin?" is correct because it directly asks "In which office is Professor Martin located?" The phrase "dans quel bureau" specifically requests office location information, and "se trouve" means "is located" or "is found," making this the precise question for finding someone's office.
Option A asks "How can I contact Professor Martin directly?" This focuses on communication methods (phone, email) rather than physical location. While helpful for reaching the professor, it doesn't address Olivier's need to find the actual office for his meeting.
Option C inquires "When will Professor Martin be available today?" This is about scheduling and availability, not location. Olivier already has a meeting scheduled and needs to know where to go, not when the professor is free.
Option D asks "Why did Professor Martin change offices?" This assumes the professor moved and seeks an explanation for the change. It doesn't provide the current location information Olivier needs and may not even be relevant if no office change occurred.
Study tip: Remember that French question words are very specific. "Où" asks where, "dans quel" asks "in which," "comment" asks how, "quand" asks when, and "pourquoi" asks why. Match your question word to the exact type of information you're seeking.
Question 18
Luc is meeting his friend's family for the first time and wants to show interest in getting to know them better.
Luc wants to ask his friend's sister about her profession. Which question best demonstrates appropriate register and correct interrogative structure?
- Qu'est-ce que vous faites comme travail professionnel? (correct answer)
- Que vous faites dans la vie quotidienne?
- Quoi est votre métier dans cette société?
- Qu'est-ce vous travaillez tous les jours exactement?
Explanation: Option A uses the correct formal register with 'vous' and proper question structure 'Qu'est-ce que vous faites comme travail'. Option B omits 'est-ce que' and uses awkward phrasing 'dans la vie quotidienne' for asking about profession. Option C incorrectly uses 'Quoi est' instead of 'Qu'est-ce que' or 'Quel est'. Option D omits 'que' after 'Qu'est-ce' making it grammatically incorrect.
Question 19
Antoine is planning to visit his friend who recently moved to a new apartment in Marseille.
Antoine needs to get his friend's new address to visit him. Which question correctly asks for location information using the appropriate interrogative word?
- Pourquoi tu as choisi ce quartier précisément?
- Comment est-ce que tu habites dans ton appartement?
- Quand est-ce que tu as déménagé récemment?
- Où est-ce que tu habites maintenant exactement? (correct answer)
Explanation: When asking for location information in French, you need to use the correct interrogative word that specifically targets what you want to know. This question tests your ability to match interrogative words with their proper functions in conversational contexts.
Option D) "Où est-ce que tu habites maintenant exactement?" is correct because "où" is the French interrogative word that asks specifically about location or place. Antoine needs his friend's new address, so he must ask "where" his friend lives. The phrase "où est-ce que tu habites" directly translates to "where do you live," which perfectly addresses Antoine's need for location information.
Let's examine why the other options don't work. Option A) uses "pourquoi" (why), which asks for reasons or explanations rather than location - this would tell Antoine why his friend chose the neighborhood, not where it is. Option B) uses "comment" (how), which asks about manner or method - this awkwardly asks about how someone lives in their apartment rather than where the apartment is located. Option C) uses "quand" (when), which asks about time - this would tell Antoine when the move happened, but he already knows it was recent and still needs the actual address.
Remember the key French interrogative words: où (where), quand (when), comment (how), pourquoi (why), qui (who), and que/quoi (what). When you need location information, "où" is your go-to word. Practice matching each interrogative with its specific purpose to avoid mixing them up in conversational contexts.
Question 20
Marc is at a bookstore looking for a specific novel but can't find it on the shelves.
Marc wants to ask the bookstore clerk about the reason why a particular book isn't available. Which question correctly asks for an explanation?
- Comment ce livre a-t-il disparu du magasin?
- Quand ce livre sera-t-il disponible en magasin?
- Où puis-je trouver ce livre dans Paris?
- Pourquoi ce livre n'est-il pas en rayon? (correct answer)
Explanation: When asking for explanations in French, you need to identify which question word matches what type of information you're seeking. This question tests your ability to distinguish between different interrogative words and their specific purposes.
The correct answer is D) "Pourquoi ce livre n'est-il pas en rayon?" because Marc wants to understand the reason why the book isn't available. "Pourquoi" specifically asks for explanations, causes, or reasons - exactly what's needed here. The phrase "n'est-il pas en rayon" (isn't on the shelf) directly addresses the situation described in the passage.
Option A) "Comment ce livre a-t-il disparu du magasin?" asks how the book disappeared, which assumes the book was previously there and focuses on the method of disappearance rather than the reason for unavailability. Option B) "Quand ce livre sera-t-il disponible en magasin?" asks when the book will be available, seeking timing information rather than an explanation of current unavailability. Option C) "Où puis-je trouver ce livre dans Paris?" asks where to find the book elsewhere in Paris, which seeks location information instead of addressing why it's missing from this particular store.
Remember that French question words are very specific: "pourquoi" = why/reason, "comment" = how/manner, "quand" = when/time, "où" = where/location. When you need an explanation or cause, "pourquoi" is your go-to choice. Always match the question word to the exact type of information being requested in the scenario.