Calculus 1 Quiz: Properties Of Definite Integrals
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Properties Of Definite IntegralsQuestion 1 of 20

Suppose f(x)f(x) is a continuous function such that 2≤f(x)≤52 \le f(x) \le 5 for all xx in the interval [1,4][1, 4]. Which of the following statements must be true about I=∫14f(x) dxI = \int_{1}^{4} f(x) \,dx?

2≤I≤52 \le I \le 5
I=10.5I = 10.5
3≤I≤123 \le I \le 12
6≤I≤156 \le I \le 15
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Calculus 1 Quiz

Calculus 1 Quiz: Properties Of Definite Integrals

Practice Properties Of Definite Integrals in Calculus 1 with focused quiz questions that help you check what you know, review explanations, and build confidence with test-style prompts.

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This quiz focuses on Properties Of Definite Integrals, giving you a quick way to practice the rules, question types, and explanations that matter most for Calculus 1.

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Question 1

Suppose f(x)f(x) is a continuous function such that 2≤f(x)≤52 \le f(x) \le 5 for all xx in the interval [1,4][1, 4]. Which of the following statements must be true about I=∫14f(x) dxI = \int_{1}^{4} f(x) \,dx?

  1. 2≤I≤52 \le I \le 5
  2. I=10.5I = 10.5
  3. 3≤I≤123 \le I \le 12
  4. 6≤I≤156 \le I \le 15 (correct answer)
Explanation: According to the comparison property of definite integrals, if m≤f(x)≤Mm \le f(x) \le M for a≤x≤ba \le x \le b, then m(b−a)≤∫abf(x) dx≤M(b−a)m(b-a) \le \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx \le M(b-a). In this case, m=2m=2, M=5M=5, a=1a=1, and b=4b=4. The length of the interval is b−a=4−1=3b-a = 4-1 = 3. Therefore, the integral II must satisfy 2(3)≤I≤5(3)2(3) \le I \le 5(3), which simplifies to 6≤I≤156 \le I \le 15.

Question 2

Let f(x)f(x) be a continuous function. If ∫−22f(x) dx=10\int_{-2}^{2} f(x) \,dx = 10, what is the value of ∫04f(x−2) dx\int_{0}^{4} f(x-2) \,dx?

  1. 55
  2. 88
  3. 1010 (correct answer)
  4. 1212
Explanation: This problem can be solved using a u-substitution, which is a property related to transformations of integrals. Let u=x−2u = x-2. Then du=dxdu = dx. We must also change the limits of integration. When x=0x=0, u=0−2=−2u = 0-2 = -2. When x=4x=4, u=4−2=2u = 4-2 = 2. Substituting these into the integral gives ∫−22f(u) du\int_{-2}^{2} f(u) \,du. Since the variable of integration is a dummy variable, this is the same as ∫−22f(x) dx\int_{-2}^{2} f(x) \,dx, which is given to be 10.

Question 3

If ∫0k(4x−5) dx=0\int_{0}^{k} (4x - 5) \,dx = 0 for some constant kk, what is a possible non-zero value of kk?

  1. 5/45/4
  2. 4/54/5
  3. 5/25/2 (correct answer)
  4. 2/52/5
Explanation: First, evaluate the definite integral: ∫0k(4x−5) dx=[2x2−5x]0k\int_{0}^{k} (4x - 5) \,dx = [2x^2 - 5x]_{0}^{k}. Evaluating at the limits gives (2k2−5k)−(2(0)2−5(0))=2k2−5k(2k^2 - 5k) - (2(0)^2 - 5(0)) = 2k^2 - 5k. Set this expression equal to zero: 2k2−5k=02k^2 - 5k = 0. Factor out kk to get k(2k−5)=0k(2k - 5) = 0. The solutions are k=0k=0 and 2k−5=02k-5=0, which gives k=5/2k=5/2. The question asks for the non-zero value.

Question 4

Given that f(x)f(x) is a continuous function and ∫05f(x) dx=−4\int_{0}^{5} f(x) \,dx = -4. Which of the following statements about ∫05∣f(x)∣ dx\int_{0}^{5} |f(x)| \,dx must be true?

  1. ∫05∣f(x)∣ dx=4\int_{0}^{5} |f(x)| \,dx = 4
  2. ∫05∣f(x)∣ dx=−4\int_{0}^{5} |f(x)| \,dx = -4
  3. ∫05∣f(x)∣ dx≤4\int_{0}^{5} |f(x)| \,dx \le 4
  4. ∫05∣f(x)∣ dx≥4\int_{0}^{5} |f(x)| \,dx \ge 4 (correct answer)
Explanation: When you encounter integrals involving absolute value functions, think about how absolute values affect the relationship between ∫f(x) dx\int f(x) \,dx and ∫∣f(x)∣ dx\int |f(x)| \,dx. The key insight is that taking absolute values can only increase (or maintain) the total "area under the curve." Since ∫05f(x) dx=−4\int_{0}^{5} f(x) \,dx = -4, we know that the net signed area is negative, meaning the total area below the x-axis exceeds the area above it. When we integrate ∣f(x)∣|f(x)|, we're finding the total area regardless of sign—all negative contributions become positive. Here's why answer D is correct: The integral ∫05∣f(x)∣ dx\int_{0}^{5} |f(x)| \,dx must be at least 4. To see why, imagine the most extreme case where f(x)≤0f(x) \leq 0 throughout the entire interval. Then ∣f(x)∣=−f(x)|f(x)| = -f(x), so ∫05∣f(x)∣ dx=−∫05f(x) dx=−(−4)=4\int_{0}^{5} |f(x)| \,dx = -\int_{0}^{5} f(x) \,dx = -(-4) = 4. If f(x)f(x) has any positive values, the integral of ∣f(x)∣|f(x)| would be even larger. Answer A is wrong because equality only holds in the special case where f(x)≤0f(x) \leq 0 everywhere. Answer B is impossible since absolute values are non-negative, making their integral non-negative. Answer C suggests the integral could be less than 4, but we've shown it must be at least 4. Study tip: Remember that ∫∣f(x)∣ dx≥∣∫f(x) dx∣\int |f(x)| \,dx \geq \left|\int f(x) \,dx\right| always holds. When the original integral is negative, the absolute value integral is at least the magnitude of that negative value.

Question 5

Given ∫02f(x) dx=3\int_{0}^{2} f(x) \,dx = 3, ∫50f(x) dx=−7\int_{5}^{0} f(x) \,dx = -7, and ∫58f(x) dx=4\int_{5}^{8} f(x) \,dx = 4. What is the value of ∫28f(x) dx\int_{2}^{8} f(x) \,dx?

  1. −6-6
  2. 00
  3. 88 (correct answer)
  4. 1414
Explanation: First, use the property of reversing limits: ∫50f(x) dx=−7\int_{5}^{0} f(x) \,dx = -7 implies ∫05f(x) dx=7\int_{0}^{5} f(x) \,dx = 7. We want to find ∫28f(x) dx\int_{2}^{8} f(x) \,dx. We can express this integral using the additivity property of intervals: ∫28f(x) dx=∫20f(x) dx+∫05f(x) dx+∫58f(x) dx\int_{2}^{8} f(x) \,dx = \int_{2}^{0} f(x) \,dx + \int_{0}^{5} f(x) \,dx + \int_{5}^{8} f(x) \,dx. We know ∫20f(x) dx=−∫02f(x) dx=−3\int_{2}^{0} f(x) \,dx = -\int_{0}^{2} f(x) \,dx = -3. Substituting all the values, we get −3+7+4=8-3 + 7 + 4 = 8.

Question 6

Given ∫28f(x) dx=12\int_{2}^{8} f(x) \,dx = 12 and ∫52f(x) dx=3\int_{5}^{2} f(x) \,dx = 3. What is the value of ∫58f(x) dx\int_{5}^{8} f(x) \,dx?

  1. −9-9
  2. 99
  3. −15-15
  4. 1515 (correct answer)
Explanation: When you encounter definite integrals with different limits of integration, you need to use the additive property of integrals and understand how reversing limits affects the sign. First, notice that ∫52f(x) dx=3\int_{5}^{2} f(x) \,dx = 3. When you reverse the limits of integration, the integral changes sign: ∫25f(x) dx=−∫52f(x) dx=−3\int_{2}^{5} f(x) \,dx = -\int_{5}^{2} f(x) \,dx = -3. Now you can use the additive property: ∫28f(x) dx=∫25f(x) dx+∫58f(x) dx\int_{2}^{8} f(x) \,dx = \int_{2}^{5} f(x) \,dx + \int_{5}^{8} f(x) \,dx. Substituting the known values: 12=(−3)+∫58f(x) dx12 = (-3) + \int_{5}^{8} f(x) \,dx. Solving for the unknown integral: ∫58f(x) dx=12−(−3)=12+3=15\int_{5}^{8} f(x) \,dx = 12 - (-3) = 12 + 3 = 15. Choice A gives −9-9, which you'd get if you incorrectly calculated 12−3−3=612 - 3 - 3 = 6 and then made an additional sign error. Choice B gives 9, which results from the error 12−3=912 - 3 = 9—forgetting to reverse the sign when flipping the limits from ∫52\int_{5}^{2} to ∫25\int_{2}^{5}. Choice C gives −15-15, which comes from incorrectly adding the integrals as 12+3=1512 + 3 = 15 but then applying a wrong negative sign. The correct answer is D: 15. Strategy tip: Always remember that ∫abf(x) dx=−∫baf(x) dx\int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx = -\int_{b}^{a} f(x) \,dx, and use the additive property to break complex limits into manageable pieces. Draw a number line to visualize the intervals if needed.

Question 7

Given that ∫abf(x) dx=M\int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx = M and ∫abg(x) dx=N\int_{a}^{b} g(x) \,dx = N. Which of the following is equal to ∫ba[2f(x)−g(x)] dx\int_{b}^{a} [2f(x) - g(x)] \,dx?

  1. 2M−N2M - N
  2. N−2MN - 2M (correct answer)
  3. M−2NM - 2N
  4. 2N−M2N - M
Explanation: Start by reversing the limits of integration, which introduces a negative sign: ∫ba[2f(x)−g(x)] dx=−∫ab[2f(x)−g(x)] dx\int_{b}^{a} [2f(x) - g(x)] \,dx = -\int_{a}^{b} [2f(x) - g(x)] \,dx. Next, apply the linearity property: −[2∫abf(x) dx−∫abg(x) dx]-\left[ 2\int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx - \int_{a}^{b} g(x) \,dx \right]. Distribute the negative sign: −2∫abf(x) dx+∫abg(x) dx-2\int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx + \int_{a}^{b} g(x) \,dx. Finally, substitute the given values M and N: −2M+N-2M + N, which is equivalent to N−2MN - 2M.

Question 8

If ∫25f(x) dx=−4\int_{2}^{5} f(x) \,dx = -4 and ∫25(f(x)+k) dx=11\int_{2}^{5} (f(x) + k) \,dx = 11, where kk is a constant, what is the value of kk?

  1. 55 (correct answer)
  2. 33
  3. 77
  4. 1515
Explanation: When you encounter definite integrals with added constants, remember that integration distributes over addition, and constants can be factored out and integrated separately. Let's work with the given information systematically. You know that ∫25f(x) dx=−4\int_{2}^{5} f(x) \,dx = -4 and ∫25(f(x)+k) dx=11\int_{2}^{5} (f(x) + k) \,dx = 11. Using the linearity property of integrals, you can split the second integral: ∫25(f(x)+k) dx=∫25f(x) dx+∫25k dx\int_{2}^{5} (f(x) + k) \,dx = \int_{2}^{5} f(x) \,dx + \int_{2}^{5} k \,dx Since kk is a constant, ∫25k dx=k⋅(5−2)=3k\int_{2}^{5} k \,dx = k \cdot (5-2) = 3k Substituting the known values: 11=−4+3k11 = -4 + 3k Solving for kk: 15=3k15 = 3k, so k=5k = 5 Therefore, A) 55 is correct. Let's examine why the other answers are wrong. B) 33 would give us ∫25(f(x)+k) dx=−4+3(3)=5\int_{2}^{5} (f(x) + k) \,dx = -4 + 3(3) = 5, not 11. C) 77 would yield −4+3(7)=17-4 + 3(7) = 17, which exceeds our target. D) 1515 would produce −4+3(15)=41-4 + 3(15) = 41, far too large. Key strategy: When you see integrals with added constants, immediately think about splitting them using linearity properties. Remember that integrating a constant over an interval gives you the constant times the length of the interval. This type of problem tests your understanding of integral properties more than complex calculations.

Question 9

Let f(x)f(x) be an even function such that ∫02f(x) dx=5\int_{0}^{2} f(x) \,dx = 5. What is the value of ∫−22(3f(x)−2) dx\int_{-2}^{2} (3f(x) - 2) \,dx?

  1. 1111
  2. 1313
  3. 2222 (correct answer)
  4. 2626
Explanation: First, use the linearity property: ∫−22(3f(x)−2) dx=3∫−22f(x) dx−∫−222 dx\int_{-2}^{2} (3f(x) - 2) \,dx = 3\int_{-2}^{2} f(x) \,dx - \int_{-2}^{2} 2 \,dx. Since f(x)f(x) is an even function, ∫−22f(x) dx=2∫02f(x) dx=2(5)=10\int_{-2}^{2} f(x) \,dx = 2\int_{0}^{2} f(x) \,dx = 2(5) = 10. The integral of the constant is ∫−222 dx=2(2−(−2))=2(4)=8\int_{-2}^{2} 2 \,dx = 2(2 - (-2)) = 2(4) = 8. Combining these results, we get 3(10)−8=30−8=223(10) - 8 = 30 - 8 = 22.

Question 10

Suppose ∫04f(x) dx=6\int_{0}^{4} f(x) \,dx = 6. What is the value of ∫02f(2x) dx\int_{0}^{2} f(2x) \,dx?

  1. 33 (correct answer)
  2. 44
  3. 66
  4. 1212
Explanation: Use u-substitution. Let u=2xu = 2x. Then du=2dxdu = 2dx, which means dx=12dudx = \frac{1}{2}du. Change the limits of integration: when x=0x=0, u=2(0)=0u=2(0)=0; when x=2x=2, u=2(2)=4u=2(2)=4. The integral becomes ∫04f(u)12du\int_{0}^{4} f(u) \frac{1}{2}du. Using the constant multiple property, this is 12∫04f(u) du\frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{4} f(u) \,du. Since uu is a dummy variable, this is equal to 12∫04f(x) dx=12(6)=3\frac{1}{2}\int_{0}^{4} f(x) \,dx = \frac{1}{2}(6) = 3.

Question 11

Let f(x)f(x) be an odd function and g(x)g(x) be an even function. If ∫03f(x) dx=4\int_{0}^{3} f(x) \,dx = 4 and ∫03g(x) dx=5\int_{0}^{3} g(x) \,dx = 5, what is the value of ∫−33[f(x)+g(x)] dx\int_{-3}^{3} [f(x) + g(x)] \,dx?

  1. 00
  2. 99
  3. 1010 (correct answer)
  4. 1818
Explanation: First, split the integral: ∫−33[f(x)+g(x)] dx=∫−33f(x) dx+∫−33g(x) dx\int_{-3}^{3} [f(x) + g(x)] \,dx = \int_{-3}^{3} f(x) \,dx + \int_{-3}^{3} g(x) \,dx. For an odd function ff, the integral over a symmetric interval is zero, so ∫−33f(x) dx=0\int_{-3}^{3} f(x) \,dx = 0. For an even function gg, the integral over a symmetric interval is twice the integral over half the interval, so ∫−33g(x) dx=2∫03g(x) dx=2(5)=10\int_{-3}^{3} g(x) \,dx = 2\int_{0}^{3} g(x) \,dx = 2(5) = 10. Therefore, the total value is 0+10=100 + 10 = 10.

Question 12

Suppose ∫13[f(x)+g(x)] dx=6\int_{1}^{3} [f(x) + g(x)] \,dx = 6 and ∫13[2f(x)−g(x)] dx=9\int_{1}^{3} [2f(x) - g(x)] \,dx = 9. What is the value of ∫13f(x) dx\int_{1}^{3} f(x) \,dx?

  1. 11
  2. 33
  3. 55 (correct answer)
  4. 7.57.5
Explanation: Let If=∫13f(x) dxI_f = \int_{1}^{3} f(x) \,dx and Ig=∫13g(x) dxI_g = \int_{1}^{3} g(x) \,dx. Using the linearity property, the given information can be written as a system of two linear equations: (1) If+Ig=6I_f + I_g = 6 and (2) 2If−Ig=92I_f - I_g = 9. Adding the two equations together yields (If+Ig)+(2If−Ig)=6+9(I_f + I_g) + (2I_f - I_g) = 6 + 9, which simplifies to 3If=153I_f = 15. Solving for IfI_f gives If=5I_f = 5.

Question 13

A continuous function f(x)f(x) satisfies −x2≤f(x)≤x2-x^2 \le f(x) \le x^2 for all xx. Which of the following is a possible value for ∫−12f(x) dx\int_{-1}^{2} f(x) \,dx?

  1. −4-4
  2. 22 (correct answer)
  3. 3.53.5
  4. 44
Explanation: By the comparison property of integrals, ∫−12−x2 dx≤∫−12f(x) dx≤∫−12x2 dx\int_{-1}^{2} -x^2 \,dx \le \int_{-1}^{2} f(x) \,dx \le \int_{-1}^{2} x^2 \,dx. We calculate the bounds. ∫x2 dx=x33\int x^2 \,dx = \frac{x^3}{3}. So, ∫−12x2 dx=[x33]−12=233−(−1)33=83−(−13)=93=3\int_{-1}^{2} x^2 \,dx = [\frac{x^3}{3}]_{-1}^{2} = \frac{2^3}{3} - \frac{(-1)^3}{3} = \frac{8}{3} - (-\frac{1}{3}) = \frac{9}{3} = 3. The lower bound is ∫−12−x2 dx=−3\int_{-1}^{2} -x^2 \,dx = -3. Therefore, the value of ∫−12f(x) dx\int_{-1}^{2} f(x) \,dx must be in the interval [−3,3][-3, 3]. Of the choices provided, only 2 lies within this range.

Question 14

If f(x)f(x) is a continuous and non-positive function on [a,b][a, b] with a<ba<b, which of the following must be true?

  1. ∫abf(x) dx>0\int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx > 0
  2. ∫abf(x) dx=0\int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx = 0
  3. ∫abf(x) dx≤0\int_{a}^{b} f(x) \,dx \le 0 (correct answer)
  4. ∫baf(x) dx≤0\int_{b}^{a} f(x) \,dx \le 0
Explanation: Non-positive means f(x)≤0f(x) \le 0 for all xx in [a,b][a,b]. By the comparison property of integrals, if f(x)≤g(x)f(x) \le g(x) on an interval, then ∫abf(x) dx≤∫abg(x) dx\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \le \int_a^b g(x) \,dx. Let g(x)=0g(x) = 0. Then ∫abf(x) dx≤∫ab0 dx=0\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \le \int_a^b 0 \,dx = 0. Therefore, ∫abf(x) dx≤0\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \le 0. Choice D is incorrect because ∫baf(x) dx=−∫abf(x) dx\int_b^a f(x) \,dx = -\int_a^b f(x) \,dx. Since ∫abf(x) dx≤0\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \le 0, then −∫abf(x) dx≥0-\int_a^b f(x) \,dx \ge 0.

Question 15

Suppose ∫04f(x) dx=10\int_{0}^{4} f(x) \,dx = 10 and ∫04g(x) dx=−2\int_{0}^{4} g(x) \,dx = -2. What is the value of ∫04[2f(x)−3g(x)+1] dx\int_{0}^{4} [2f(x) - 3g(x) + 1] \,dx?

  1. 1414
  2. 2626
  3. 2727
  4. 3030 (correct answer)
Explanation: Using the linearity property of definite integrals: ∫04[2f(x)−3g(x)+1] dx=2∫04f(x) dx−3∫04g(x) dx+∫041 dx\int_{0}^{4} [2f(x) - 3g(x) + 1] \,dx = 2\int_{0}^{4} f(x) \,dx - 3\int_{0}^{4} g(x) \,dx + \int_{0}^{4} 1 \,dx. Substitute the given values: 2(10)−3(−2)+∫041 dx2(10) - 3(-2) + \int_{0}^{4} 1 \,dx. The last term is the integral of a constant, which is 1(4−0)=41(4-0) = 4. The final calculation is 20+6+4=3020 + 6 + 4 = 30.

Question 16

If ∫13f(x) dx=8\int_{1}^{3} f(x) \,dx = 8, what is the value of ∫02f(x+1) dx\int_{0}^{2} f(x+1) \,dx?

  1. 77
  2. 88 (correct answer)
  3. 99
  4. 1616
Explanation: We use u-substitution. Let u=x+1u = x+1. Then du=dxdu = dx. We also change the limits of integration: when x=0x=0, u=0+1=1u=0+1=1; when x=2x=2, u=2+1=3u=2+1=3. The integral becomes ∫13f(u) du\int_{1}^{3} f(u) \,du. Since the variable of integration is a dummy variable, this is equivalent to ∫13f(x) dx\int_{1}^{3} f(x) \,dx, which is given as 8.

Question 17

Given ∫12f(x)dx=3\int_{1}^{2} f(x)dx = 3 and ∫24f(x)dx=5\int_{2}^{4} f(x)dx = 5. What is the value of ∫41(2f(x)+3)dx\int_{4}^{1} (2f(x)+3)dx?

  1. −25-25 (correct answer)
  2. −13-13
  3. 1919
  4. 2525
Explanation: First, find ∫14f(x)dx\int_{1}^{4} f(x)dx using interval additivity: ∫14f(x)dx=∫12f(x)dx+∫24f(x)dx=3+5=8\int_{1}^{4} f(x)dx = \int_{1}^{2} f(x)dx + \int_{2}^{4} f(x)dx = 3 + 5 = 8. Next, evaluate the required integral. By linearity, ∫41(2f(x)+3)dx=2∫41f(x)dx+∫413dx\int_{4}^{1} (2f(x)+3)dx = 2\int_{4}^{1} f(x)dx + \int_{4}^{1} 3dx. Reversing the limits, ∫41f(x)dx=−∫14f(x)dx=−8\int_{4}^{1} f(x)dx = -\int_{1}^{4} f(x)dx = -8. The integral of the constant is ∫413dx=3(1−4)=3(−3)=−9\int_{4}^{1} 3dx = 3(1-4) = 3(-3) = -9. Combining these gives 2(−8)+(−9)=−16−9=−252(-8) + (-9) = -16 - 9 = -25.

Question 18

Let f be a continuous function. If ∫15f(x) dx=8\int_{1}^{5} f(x) \,dx = 8 and ∫35f(x) dx=3\int_{3}^{5} f(x) \,dx = 3, what is the value of ∫31f(x) dx\int_{3}^{1} f(x) \,dx?

  1. −11-11
  2. −5-5 (correct answer)
  3. 55
  4. 1111
Explanation: Using the interval additivity property, ∫15f(x) dx=∫13f(x) dx+∫35f(x) dx\int_{1}^{5} f(x) \,dx = \int_{1}^{3} f(x) \,dx + \int_{3}^{5} f(x) \,dx. Substituting the given values, we get 8=∫13f(x) dx+38 = \int_{1}^{3} f(x) \,dx + 3, which implies ∫13f(x) dx=5\int_{1}^{3} f(x) \,dx = 5. The question asks for ∫31f(x) dx\int_{3}^{1} f(x) \,dx. Using the property of reversing the limits of integration, ∫31f(x) dx=−∫13f(x) dx=−5\int_{3}^{1} f(x) \,dx = -\int_{1}^{3} f(x) \,dx = -5.

Question 19

Let f(x)f(x) be a continuous function. If ∫09f(x) dx=12\int_{0}^{9} f(x) \,dx = 12, what is the value of ∫03xf(x2) dx\int_{0}^{3} x f(x^2) \,dx?

  1. 66 (correct answer)
  2. 44
  3. 1212
  4. 2424
Explanation: When you encounter an integral with a composite function like f(x2)f(x^2), think substitution. The key insight is recognizing how the given integral relates to what you're asked to find through a change of variables. To evaluate ∫03xf(x2) dx\int_{0}^{3} x f(x^2) \,dx, use the substitution u=x2u = x^2. Then du=2x dxdu = 2x \,dx, which means x dx=12dux \,dx = \frac{1}{2} du. When x=0,u=0x = 0,u = 0. When x=3,u=9x = 3,u = 9. Substituting gives you: ∫03xf(x2) dx=∫09f(u)⋅12 du=12∫09f(u) du\int_{0}^{3} x f(x^2) \,dx = \int_{0}^{9} f(u) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \,du = \frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{9} f(u) \,du Since the variable of integration is just a dummy variable, ∫09f(u) du=∫09f(x) dx=12\int_{0}^{9} f(u) \,du = \int_{0}^{9} f(x) \,dx = 12. Therefore: ∫03xf(x2) dx=12⋅12=6\int_{0}^{3} x f(x^2) \,dx = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 12 = 6 The answer is (A) 6. (B) 4 likely comes from incorrectly thinking the factor should be 13\frac{1}{3} instead of 12\frac{1}{2}. (C) 12 is the trap of assuming the integrals are equal without accounting for the substitution's Jacobian factor. (D) 24 results from mistakenly using a factor of 2 instead of 12\frac{1}{2}, perhaps from confusing du=2x dxdu = 2x \,dx with the conversion factor. Remember: in u-substitution problems, always carefully track how dxdx transforms, including any multiplicative factors that arise from the derivative of your substitution.

Question 20

The average value of a continuous function g(x)g(x) on the interval [−2,4][-2, 4] is 5. What is the value of ∫−24g(x) dx\int_{-2}^{4} g(x) \,dx?

  1. 5/65/6
  2. 1010
  3. Cannot be determined from the given information.
  4. 3030 (correct answer)
Explanation: This question tests your understanding of the relationship between average value and definite integrals. When you see "average value" paired with an integral, think about how these concepts connect through the Mean Value Theorem for Integrals. The average value of a continuous function g(x)g(x) on interval [a,b][a,b] is defined as: Average value=1b−a∫abg(x) dx\text{Average value} = \frac{1}{b-a} \int_a^b g(x) \, dx Given that the average value is 5 on interval [−2,4][-2, 4], you can substitute into this formula: 5=14−(−2)∫−24g(x) dx=16∫−24g(x) dx5 = \frac{1}{4-(-2)} \int_{-2}^4 g(x) \, dx = \frac{1}{6} \int_{-2}^4 g(x) \, dx Solving for the integral: ∫−24g(x) dx=5×6=30\int_{-2}^4 g(x) \, dx = 5 \times 6 = 30 Looking at the wrong answers: Choice A (5/65/6) represents the reciprocal error—dividing 5 by 6 instead of multiplying. This happens when students confuse the formula direction. Choice B (1010) might come from incorrectly calculating the interval length as 2 instead of 6, then multiplying 5×25 \times 2. Choice C suggests the integral can't be determined, but the average value formula directly connects these quantities—if you know the average value and interval length, you can always find the integral. Remember this key relationship: ∫abf(x) dx=(average value)×(interval length)\int_a^b f(x) \, dx = (\text{average value}) \times (\text{interval length}). This formula is your bridge between average value problems and definite integrals, and it works in both directions depending on what you're asked to find.