Evaluate Evidence for Population Change Practice Test

Claim: A bird population evolved a higher frequency of a song type that carries better in noisy cities.

Evidence collected:

1. In 2005, 30% of males sang the high-frequency song type; in 2025, 33% sang it.

2. In 2025, high-frequency songs were heard more clearly than low-frequency songs near roads.

3. Young birds raised in a quiet lab and tutored with recordings still developed the song type their biological fathers had.

4. One adult bird changed its song slightly after moving from a quiet park to a noisy street.

Which evidence is most directly about population-level evolutionary change (change in inherited traits over time)?

Claim: A weed population in farm fields evolved resistance to Herbicide Q.

Evidence:

1. In 2012, 10% of weeds survived Herbicide Q; in 2022, 12% survived.

2. In 2022, the farmer used a higher dose of Herbicide Q than in 2012.

3. In 2022, one weed plant survived even a very high dose and produced many seeds.

4. Lab tests show the resistance trait is heritable when resistant plants are crossed.

Which evaluation is most accurate about whether the evidence supports the claim that the population evolved resistance?