Developments in East Asia Practice Test

In Korea during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, reformers attempted to modernize administration and the military amid pressure from China, Japan, and Russia. After Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), Japan increased control over Korea, culminating in formal annexation in 1910. Which motivation most directly drove Japan’s annexation of Korea?

By the late nineteenth century, East Asian societies experienced social change alongside state reforms and imperial pressure. In Japan, the abolition of samurai stipends and the introduction of conscription altered class relations, while in China, treaty ports and foreign concessions created new urban commercial elites and labor patterns. Which development most directly reflects the social impact of industrialization and state-building in Meiji Japan?