The Language of Variation: Variables Practice Test

A cafeteria manager wants to know whether meal plan is related to number of lunches purchased per week. Students are classified by meal plan (None, 5-meal, Unlimited), and each student reports how many lunches they purchased last week (0–7). The observational units are students, and the goal is to compare lunch purchases across meal plans. Which classification is correct?

A teacher wants to know whether participation in after-school tutoring is related to performance on a unit test. She records data for 80 students (observational units): tutoring status (Yes/No) and unit test score (0–100 points). The research goal is to compare scores for students who did and did not attend tutoring. Which classification is correct?