Introducing Statistics: Random/Non-Random Patterns Practice Test

A teacher suspects a student is not choosing answers randomly on a 4-choice multiple-choice practice quiz when guessing. Across 24 guessed questions, the student chose A exactly 6 times, B exactly 6 times, C exactly 6 times, and D exactly 6 times. Is the pattern consistent with random behavior? Under random guessing, perfectly equal counts are possible but not especially typical in a modest sample, and “too perfect” balance can be suspicious.

A store manager tracks the last digit of each of 40 customer receipts (0–9). If the last digit is generated by a random process, you would expect the digits to be fairly even overall with some natural variation and no obvious restriction. The manager notices the last digit is always even (0,2,4,6,8), never odd. Is the pattern consistent with random behavior?