The Origin and Influences of Urbanization Practice Test

A historian explains that the earliest cities in Mesopotamia (such as Uruk) and the Indus Valley grew where irrigation agriculture produced reliable food surpluses, allowing some people to specialize as artisans, administrators, and traders rather than farming. Which statement best reflects this origin of urbanization?

A reading compares urbanization in developing and developed countries, noting that many developing countries urbanize rapidly without enough formal jobs or housing, leading to large informal settlements, while many developed countries have slower growth and more established infrastructure. Which conclusion best matches this comparison?