Human–Environmental Interaction Practice Test

A 95-word secondary-source excerpt about fisheries management reports that a government introduced catch shares and stricter enforcement. Large firms purchased quotas, while small-scale fishers struggled to compete and lost access to traditional grounds. The author argues that ecological conservation goals and market-based policies can redistribute environmental access and benefits unevenly across communities. Which concept best frames the excerpt?​

A secondary-source excerpt on a forest frontier argues that conservation rules restrict local fuelwood collection while allowing commercial logging concessions to operate through political connections. The author emphasizes that environmental benefits and burdens are distributed unevenly because of power, land tenure, and state enforcement. Which concept best fits this analysis?