Forms of Governance Practice Test

A secondary source describes a single-party state as a political system where one party is legally dominant and controls the state apparatus; other parties may be banned or permitted only if they cannot realistically compete for power. This differs from a dominant-party democracy where competition exists and power can change hands. Which description most clearly indicates a single-party state?

In a 110-word secondary-source excerpt on unitary vs. federal state organization, a political geographer notes that in a federal system the constitution divides sovereignty so subnational units (states/provinces) have legally protected powers (e.g., education or policing), while in a unitary system most authority is centralized and local governments exercise powers delegated by the national government. The excerpt adds that federalism can accommodate regional diversity but may complicate nationwide policy coordination. Which statement best reflects the excerpt’s definition of federalism?