Forced and Voluntary Migration Practice Test

Secondary source excerpt (embedded): Refugees are people who cross an international border due to a well-founded fear of persecution or other serious threats and cannot safely return. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) flee for similar reasons but remain within their country’s borders. Both may need humanitarian assistance, but legal status and available protections differ because IDPs are still under their state’s jurisdiction. Which scenario best fits the definition of an internally displaced person?

Secondary source excerpt (embedded): Push factors in forced migration are conditions that compel people to leave, including armed conflict, targeted persecution, state collapse, and sudden-onset disasters. These drivers often remove realistic alternatives, making staying dangerous. While economic hardship can be a push factor, international protection frameworks typically distinguish between generalized poverty and threats tied to violence or persecution. Which option is the best example of a forced-migration push factor as described?