Defining Devolutionary Factors Practice Test

Secondary-source excerpt (historical autonomy): In regions incorporated through treaties that promised protection of local law, religion, or land tenure, later central reforms can be perceived as violations of the original agreement. Political movements may therefore frame devolution not as creating a new political order but as honoring prior commitments and restoring self-government. This historical memory can persist across generations, providing a ready-made narrative for why regional legislatures should regain authority over civil law and public administration.

Which devolutionary factor is most clearly illustrated?

Secondary-source excerpt: In the late twentieth century, Spain’s transition to democracy included negotiations shaped by fears that renewed separatist violence could destabilize the state. Some policymakers argued that granting regional autonomy—especially in areas with militant activity—could reduce incentives for attacks by offering legitimate political channels. Others warned that concessions might embolden extremists. In either case, the security threat influenced debates over transferring powers such as policing and local governance to regional authorities.

Which devolutionary factor is highlighted most clearly?