Causes of Migration Practice Test

A secondary source excerpt explains that push-pull factors can be economic, political, environmental, and social, and that the same condition can be experienced differently across households. For example, a drought may push farmers to leave, while a city’s labor demand may pull them in; however, family networks can also pull migrants toward specific destinations. Which answer best demonstrates a multi-causal push-pull explanation consistent with the excerpt?

A secondary source on social factors argues that family reunification and migrant networks lower the costs and risks of moving by providing housing leads, job contacts, and emotional support. In City Z, a well-established diaspora from Village Q helps new arrivals find apartments and work; as a result, more residents of Village Q choose City Z over other destinations with similar wages. Which choice best explains the migration pattern?