The Spread of Industry Throughout Europe Practice Test

A scholar describing the “second industrial revolution” notes that by the late nineteenth century, new industries in chemicals, electricity, and steel expanded beyond earlier textile centers. The scholar emphasizes that technical education, research laboratories, and large corporate finance helped Germany and parts of France compete with Britain in these sectors. Which claim best reflects this shift in the geography of European industry?

A mid-nineteenth-century report described French textile towns importing British machinery, while Prussian officials promoted technical schools and rail construction to link mines with markets. At the same time, many eastern European estates emphasized grain exports and maintained labor obligations. Which development most helped industrial techniques and factory organization spread from Britain to the continent?