The European Union Practice Test

In 2004 and 2007, the European Union admitted multiple Central and Eastern European states that had recently transitioned from communist rule and pursued market reforms. Advocates emphasized consolidating democracy, extending the single market, and anchoring these states in Western institutions. Skeptics worried about labor migration, wage competition, and strains on EU budgets and decision-making. Which factor most directly made these enlargements possible?

The Schengen Agreement (implemented from the 1990s) reduced internal border checks among participating European states, facilitating travel and labor mobility. During later debates about migration and security, critics argued that open borders required stronger external border management and shared asylum rules. Which statement best describes Schengen’s relationship to EU membership?