Institutional Responses and Reform Practice Test

After World War II, Western European governments sought to prevent renewed conflict and rebuild economies. Several states created institutions that pooled strategic resources, established common rules for trade, and gradually expanded supranational decision-making beyond traditional diplomacy. Which development best represents this institutional response?

In the early nineteenth century, industrialization intensified urban poverty and periodic unrest. In Britain, Parliament debated whether to maintain parish-based outdoor relief or replace it with a centralized system designed to deter dependency by making assistance less attractive than low-wage labor. Which reform best fits this institutional response to social welfare?