Globalization Practice Test

In the eighteenth century, European consumers increasingly purchased sugar, coffee, and cotton textiles produced through Atlantic trade networks. Merchants, plantation owners, and shippers profited, while enslaved labor underwrote much of the production. Reformers later criticized these patterns as morally corrupt and economically distortive. Which term best describes this consumer-driven expansion of overseas trade and demand?

In the early twenty-first century, a European government considers taxing large digital platforms that earn advertising revenue from users across borders but book profits in low-tax jurisdictions. Supporters argue the policy restores fairness and funds public services; critics warn it could trigger retaliation and reduce investment. Which challenge of globalization is most directly at issue?