English Civil War and Glorious Revolution Practice Test

During the 1650s, Oliver Cromwell’s regime claimed to defend Protestantism and political stability after years of civil war. Yet the Protectorate depended heavily on the New Model Army, imposed moral regulations associated with Puritan reform, and at times curtailed political opposition. Many contemporaries complained that rule by “Major-Generals” resembled military governance more than traditional English constitutional practice. Which description best characterizes Cromwell’s Protectorate in this context?

After the Restoration of Charles II in 1660, political conflict continued over religion and succession. Many Protestants feared that James, Duke of York, a Catholic, would inherit the throne and undermine the Church of England. Parliament debated measures to exclude James, while royal supporters defended hereditary right. These disputes helped crystallize early party alignments in English politics. The controversies most directly encouraged the emergence of which political development?