Continuity and Changes Amidst Global Conflict Practice Test

In a secondary-source excerpt about continuity and change in Europe during global conflicts, the author notes that World War I accelerated state management of food and labor through rationing boards and wage controls, and World War II pushed these practices further with more systematic planning, scientific management, and wider surveillance. At the same time, the excerpt emphasizes that states in both wars framed sacrifices as temporary and justified them with familiar language about duty, nation, and defending “civilization.” Which development best illustrates change from World War I to World War II in the excerpt’s argument?

A secondary source comparing European global conflicts notes continuity in governments’ use of emergency powers—expanded policing, surveillance, and restrictions on speech—during both world wars. The author also argues that a key change after 1945 was the creation of new international frameworks intended to prevent another general war, even as Cold War tensions persisted. Which option best captures both the continuity and the change described?