Contextualizing 19th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments Practice Test

After the defeat of Napoleon, the Concert of Europe aimed to preserve stability through great-power cooperation and intervention against revolution. Over the 19th century, however, shifting alliances and wars of unification altered the balance of power, especially with the rise of Prussia/Germany. Which broader circumstance best explains why the Concert system weakened over time?

In 19th-century Europe, debates over religion and state authority intensified as governments modernized legal systems and expanded public education. In some places, liberals argued for secular citizenship and reduced clerical influence, while conservatives defended traditional religious privileges. Which broader development best helps contextualize these conflicts over church-state relations?