20th and 21st-Century Trends Practice Test

A 2012 overview of gender and politics in Europe states: “Second-wave feminism challenged legal and cultural structures through campaigns for reproductive rights, equal pay, and protections against gender-based violence. Over time, many demands were institutionalized through legislation and EU directives, though implementation varied by state and sparked backlash from religious and conservative movements.” Which evidence would best support the claim that feminist demands became institutionalized?

A historian of post-1989 Europe writes: “The collapse of state socialism did not simply ‘end history.’ It reconfigured European labor markets, accelerated privatization, and intensified migration within and into Europe. While many celebrated liberal democracy’s spread, others experienced deindustrialization and insecurity, creating fertile ground for nationalist politics and new debates over borders and identity.” Which development most directly exemplifies the historian’s point about migration reshaping politics?