Human Population Dynamics Practice Test

A country’s population is 50 million in 1970 and 100 million in 2005. Assume exponential growth during this period. Which statement best describes the average annual growth rate and what it implies about doubling time?

(Use $P(t)=P_0e^{rt}$ with $t$ in years.)

A country’s demographic data show: increasing urbanization, rising female workforce participation, and increasing median age at first birth. Which change in vital rates is most likely over time?

Context: These factors are commonly associated with declining fertility.