Identify Explicit Claims Practice Test

Read the following AP English Language–style passage and answer the question.

In debates about public libraries, budget hawks often ask why taxpayers should fund “free entertainment.” That framing misunderstands what a library is for. A library is essential civic infrastructure because it provides access to information and public space that the market will not reliably supply to everyone. The evidence is visible each afternoon: job seekers using computers, students finding a quiet table, and retirees attending workshops that keep them connected to their neighbors. When we treat libraries as optional luxuries, we end up paying more elsewhere—through isolation, misinformation, and barriers to opportunity.

According to the passage, the author claims that…

Read the following AP English Language–style passage and answer the question.

A university recently announced that it will use an AI system to scan application essays for “authenticity.” Administrators say the tool will protect fairness by catching ghostwritten work, and they cite a vendor report claiming 93% accuracy. But fairness is not created by outsourcing judgment to a black box. When institutions deploy opaque detection tools, they risk punishing honest students—especially multilingual writers—based on probabilities they cannot challenge. If the university wants integrity, it should redesign prompts, add interviews, and teach students what ethical collaboration looks like, rather than treating suspicion as a screening method.

Which of the following is a claim the author explicitly makes?