Mendelian Genetics Practice Test

In corn, smooth kernels (K) are completely dominant to wrinkled kernels (k). A plant with smooth kernels is self-fertilized, and the offspring show a 3 smooth : 1 wrinkled phenotype ratio. Assume one autosomal gene with complete dominance and no linkage to other genes. Which genotype must the parent plant have had?

Which parental genotype is required to produce a $3:1$ smooth-to-wrinkled ratio by self-crossing?

In snapdragons, tall stems (T) are completely dominant to short stems (t). A tall plant of unknown genotype is crossed with a short plant (tt). In the offspring, 48 plants are tall and 52 plants are short. Assume random fertilization and a single gene with complete dominance. Which genotype is most likely for the tall parent?