Meiosis and Genetic Diversity Practice Test

A diploid cell has two homologous pairs: one pair carries alleles D/d and the other carries alleles E/e, located on different chromosomes. No crossing over occurs. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate to opposite poles, but the orientation of each homologous pair at metaphase I is random and independent of the other pair. After meiosis II, four haploid gametes form, and the gametes differ in which homolog from each pair they received. Which process best explains why gametes can differ in combinations such as De versus dE?

A cell is heterozygous for two genes on different chromosome pairs: genotype Aa on chromosome 1 and Bb on chromosome 2. No crossing over occurs. During metaphase I, each homologous pair aligns independently at the metaphase plate, and homologs segregate in anaphase I. The resulting gametes from many meioses include AB, Ab, aB, and ab in roughly equal proportions. Which outcome best illustrates how meiosis generates these four gamete types?