All questions
Question 1
Registration policy: Course fees are nonrefundable once the first class meeting begins, even if a learner later stops attending.
Based on the word parts in nonrefundable, what does the policy mean?
- The fee must be paid again if the learner returns.
- The fee can be transferred to another course after class begins.
- The fee cannot be paid back after the first class begins. (correct answer)
- The fee will be reduced if several classes are missed.
Explanation: When a question asks you to use word parts to find meaning, break the word into its pieces before reading the answer choices. Look at nonrefundable: the prefix non- means "not," the root refund means "to pay back," and the suffix -able means "capable of being." Put them together: not capable of being paid back. That's your definition before you even look at the policy sentence.
With that meaning in hand, C is clearly correct — "the fee cannot be paid back after the first class begins" matches not capable of being refunded almost word for word. The policy confirms this: once the first meeting starts, the fee stays with the school regardless of what the learner does.
The other choices each introduce ideas the word simply doesn't support. A suggests the learner must pay again, which confuses "no refund" with "pay twice" — two very different things. B brings up transferring fees to another course, which is a separate policy that nowhere appears in the passage or the word itself. D mentions a reduction for missed classes, which is the opposite of what nonrefundable means — the fee doesn't shrink; it just isn't returned.
Study tip: On word-part questions, always decode the prefix first — it often flips the entire meaning. Common prefixes to memorize include non- (not), un- (not), re- (again/back), and pre- (before). Knowing just a handful of these can unlock dozens of unfamiliar words on the exam.
Question 2
Waste-sorting guide: Place certified biodegradable food-service items in the organics bin. Do not place ordinary plastic forks in that bin.
Which meaning of biodegradable best explains why the certified items belong in the organics bin?
- They were manufactured entirely from plant- or animal-based materials at a certified production facility.
- They must be collected separately so they can be melted down and reshaped at a recycling plant.
- They can be broken down through natural biological processes, making them suitable for organic waste. (correct answer)
- They cannot decay when exposed to moisture and microorganisms in a standard composting environment.
Explanation: When a question asks you to choose the best meaning of a word based on how it functions in context, your job is to connect the word's definition to the logic of the situation — not just pick a definition that sounds related.
The passage instructs you to place "certified biodegradable" food-service items in the organics bin — a bin designed for material that will decompose naturally. The word biodegradable comes from "bio" (life) + "degrade" (break down), meaning something that living organisms like bacteria and fungi can break apart. Choice C captures exactly this: these items can be broken down through natural biological processes, which is precisely why they belong with organic waste headed for composting or similar treatment. That connection — biological breakdown → organics bin — is the logical thread the question is testing.
A is tempting because it mentions plant- or animal-based materials, which sounds natural. However, the origin of materials doesn't automatically make something biodegradable, and the passage says nothing about manufacturing sources. B describes recycling — melting and reshaping — which is an industrial process, not a biological one, and belongs in a recycling bin, not an organics bin. D directly contradicts what biodegradable means by claiming these items cannot decay; that's the opposite of the correct definition and would actually disqualify them from the organics bin.
A useful strategy: when vocabulary questions are tied to a real-world instruction (like a sorting guide), ask yourself which definition makes the rule make sense. The correct meaning will always be the one that logically explains the action being described.
Question 3
Health-plan notice: Some procedures require preapproval. Preapproval confirms that the plan reviewed the request before treatment, but it does not guarantee that every charge will be paid.
Which statement best explains the word preapproval as it is used in the notice?
- It is an application submitted after the treatment has ended.
- It is a promise that every treatment charge will be paid.
- It is approval considered before the treatment takes place. (correct answer)
- It is a payment made before the treatment is scheduled.
Explanation: When a question asks you to define a word "as it is used" in a passage, the best strategy is to look at the word's parts and the surrounding context together. The word preapproval contains the prefix pre-, which means "before." Combined with approval — a confirmation or acceptance — the word literally means "approval given before" something happens.
The passage confirms this: it states that preapproval means the plan "reviewed the request before treatment." That makes C the correct answer. Preapproval is a review and confirmation that occurs before the treatment takes place — not a guarantee of full payment, just a prior review.
A is wrong because it says the application is submitted after treatment ends — the opposite of what pre- means. This is a classic trap: if you missed the prefix, you might not catch that timing detail.
B is tempting but wrong. The passage directly warns that preapproval does not guarantee every charge will be paid. Choosing B means ignoring an explicit statement in the notice — a mistake that costs points on reading comprehension questions.
D confuses preapproval with a prepayment. A payment is money exchanged; an approval is a decision or confirmation. These are two different things, even though both start with pre-.
Study tip: On vocabulary-in-context questions, always check two things: the word's parts (prefixes, roots, suffixes) and the passage's own explanation of the word. Often, as here, the passage defines the term for you — you just have to read carefully enough to find it.
Question 4
Safety notice: After a chemical spill is contained, trained workers must decontaminate all affected tools before the tools are used again.
The prefix de- can mean "remove" or "reverse." Which action best matches decontaminate in this notice?
- Store the affected tools in a separate locked cabinet
- Mark the affected tools as unsafe for future use
- Apply another chemical layer over the affected surfaces
- Remove the harmful material from the affected tools (correct answer)
Explanation: When you encounter an unfamiliar word on a reading exam, breaking it into parts — prefix, root, and suffix — is one of the most powerful tools you have. Here, the word decontaminate contains two key clues: the prefix de- (meaning "remove" or "reverse") and the root contaminate (meaning "to make impure or harmful"). Put them together, and decontaminate literally means "to reverse contamination" — in other words, to remove the harmful material that has built up on something.
That reasoning confirms D as the correct answer. Removing harmful material from the affected tools directly matches what "de-" + "contaminate" means, and it aligns perfectly with the safety notice's purpose: making tools safe to use again.
The other choices describe real-world responses to a spill, which is what makes them tricky — they sound reasonable. A describes storing tools separately, which is a precaution, not a cleaning action. B describes labeling tools as permanently unsafe, which is the opposite of restoring them to use. C describes applying another chemical layer, which actually adds material rather than removing it — the opposite of what "de-" signals.
A helpful study tip: when you see the prefix de- on this exam, ask yourself, "Is something being removed or undone?" Words like defrost, decode, and deactivate all follow the same pattern. If an answer choice describes adding, storing, or labeling rather than removing or reversing, it won't match a de- word — eliminate it confidently.
Question 5
Audit note: A misallocation of supply funds placed the cost of printer paper in the vehicle-maintenance account. The total amount spent was correct, but the expense was assigned to the wrong category.
Based on mis-, the root allocate, and the ending -ion, what does misallocation name?
- A planned movement of money into a new account
- A shortage caused by receiving too little money
- A worker who decides how funds should be divided
- An incorrect assignment of money to a category (correct answer)
Explanation: When a question asks you to define a word using its parts, break the word apart before doing anything else — that's the key skill being tested here.
Take misallocation piece by piece. The prefix mis- means "wrongly" or "incorrectly," as in mistake or misspell. The root allocate means to assign or distribute something — especially money or resources — to a specific category or purpose. The suffix -ion turns a verb into a noun naming an action or result. Put it together: misallocation means the act of incorrectly assigning something, which is exactly what the audit note describes — printer paper costs were placed in the wrong account.
That reasoning points directly to D, an incorrect assignment of money to a category, as the correct answer.
The other choices each miss the mark in a specific way. A describes a planned movement of funds, but mis- signals something gone wrong, not something intentional. B focuses on a shortage, which involves receiving too little money — but the passage explicitly says the total spent was correct; only the category was wrong. C describes a person who divides funds, but -ion creates a noun for an action or result, not a job title (that would be something like allocator).
A useful strategy: treat prefixes and suffixes as clues that narrow your choices immediately. Mis- alone should eliminate any answer that sounds neutral or positive (like A), and -ion should eliminate any answer describing a person (like C). You can often rule out two wrong answers before fully analyzing the root.
Question 6
A wage-verification form includes two sections: "Employee Information" and "Employer Certification." The worker completes the first section before sending the form to the workplace.
Using the endings -ee and -er, who should complete the employer certification?
- The business or person that provides the worker's job (correct answer)
- The worker who receives employment from the business
- The public office that supplied the blank form
- A coworker who witnessed the worker's daily schedule
Explanation: When a question asks you to use word endings like -er and -ee to identify roles, you're being tested on suffix meaning. These suffixes signal a relationship: -er (or -or) means the one who performs an action, while -ee means the one who receives that action. Think of "employer" and "employee" — the employer gives work, and the employee receives it.
With that in mind, the form section is called "Employer Certification," using the -er suffix. This tells you the person or business that provides employment should complete it — making A the correct answer. The employer certifies the worker's wage information because they're the source of that information.
B is incorrect because the worker is the employee — the -ee — meaning they receive employment rather than provide it. The passage even confirms the worker completes the first section, not the certification. C is incorrect because the public office that distributed the form has no role in certifying a specific worker's wages — they simply supply the blank document. D is incorrect because a coworker has no official authority to certify employment or wages; that responsibility belongs to the employing business, not a peer.
Study tip: On questions involving workplace documents, pay close attention to the -er/-ee pattern in section titles and job titles — it's a reliable clue about who is responsible for what. A quick way to remember it: the -er acts, the -ee is acted upon.
Question 7
A delayed response can increase damage from a water leak. Employees must report leaks so maintenance staff can take action.
Which pair of words correctly completes the sentence and uses the word endings to show the proper word classes?
- prompt; promptly
- promptly; prompt (correct answer)
- promptness; prompted
- prompted; promptness
Explanation: When a sentence has two blanks, pay attention to the grammatical role each word needs to play. Ask yourself: is the word describing a noun, describing a verb/action, or acting as a noun itself? Word endings — called suffixes — signal these roles.
In the sentence, the first blank describes how employees should report leaks. That calls for an adverb (modifying the verb "report"). The second blank describes the type of action maintenance staff should take. That calls for an adjective (modifying the noun "action"). So you need: adverb + adjective.
Choice B — "promptly; prompt" — fits perfectly. "Promptly" ends in -ly, the classic adverb suffix, correctly modifying the verb "report." "Prompt" is a plain adjective modifying "action." This is your correct answer.
Choice A — "prompt; promptly" — reverses the roles. "Prompt" is an adjective, not an adverb, so it can't properly modify the verb "report." "Promptly" is an adverb and cannot modify the noun "action."
Choice C — "promptness; prompted" — inserts a noun ("promptness" ends in -ness) where an adverb belongs, and a past-tense verb ("prompted") where an adjective is needed. Neither slot is filled correctly.
Choice D — "prompted; promptness" — has the same problem in reverse: a past-tense verb in the first blank and a noun in the second, both grammatically wrong for their positions.
A useful habit: before choosing, label what each blank needs — noun, verb, adjective, or adverb — then match the suffix to that role. The suffix -ly almost always signals an adverb, and -ness almost always signals a noun.
Question 8
Transit rule: Reduced-fare passes are nontransferable and may be used only by the person whose name appears on the pass.
How do the word parts in nontransferable support the transit rule?
- They show that the pass cannot be given or sold to another rider. (correct answer)
- They show that the pass may be transferred one time without permission.
- They show that the pass must be shared with a household member.
- They show that the pass can be returned for a full refund.
Explanation: When a question asks how word parts support a meaning, your job is to break the word into its prefix, root, and suffix — then build the meaning from the inside out.
Let's take apart nontransferable:
- non- = not
- transfer = to move or carry something from one person to another
- -able = capable of being done
Put it together: not capable of being transferred — meaning the pass cannot be moved, given, or handed off to someone else. That's exactly what the transit rule states: only the person named on the pass may use it. So A is correct — the word parts directly show that the pass cannot be given or sold to another rider.
B is wrong because the prefix non- means "not at all," not "limited to one time." Nothing in the word parts suggests a single allowed transfer or that permission is involved.
C is wrong because transfer refers to passing something to another person, not sharing it. More importantly, non- eliminates any sharing entirely — and the rule says the pass is for one named person only, not household members.
D is wrong because neither non-, transfer, nor -able has anything to do with refunds or returning an item for money. This choice confuses "transferable" with a financial transaction.
Study tip: When you see a vocabulary question about word parts, always isolate the prefix, root, and suffix separately before reading the answer choices. Building meaning piece by piece prevents you from being misled by answer choices that sound related but shift the meaning entirely. Question 9
Work-order instructions: If any repair directions are unclear, request written clarification from the supervisor before beginning the job.
Using the root clarify and the noun-forming ending in clarification, what should the worker request?
- A written explanation that makes the directions easier to understand (correct answer)
- A replacement order that cancels all of the original directions
- A signed record showing that the repair has been completed
- A written warning about failing to follow the directions
Explanation: When a question asks you to use word roots and endings to determine meaning, treat it like a puzzle: break the word apart before reading the answer choices. The word clarification comes from the root clarify, which means "to make clear or easier to understand." The suffix -ation turns a verb into a noun, so clarification simply means "the act of making something clear." Keeping that definition in mind, return to the passage: the worker is told to request written clarification when repair directions are unclear. That means asking for something that makes those directions clearer — which points directly to A, a written explanation that makes the directions easier to understand. Answer A matches the word's meaning precisely and fits the situation in the passage.
Answer B is wrong because requesting a replacement order that cancels the original directions is far more drastic than simply asking for clarification. Nothing in the passage or the word clarification suggests starting over from scratch. Answer C describes a completion record, which is something created after a job is done — this has nothing to do with making unclear instructions understandable before the work begins. Answer D involves a warning or disciplinary action, which is a completely different concept; clarification is about understanding, not about consequences for failing to comply.
A useful study tip: when you see a word with a recognizable root, underline or mentally isolate that root first. Roots carry the core meaning, and suffixes like -ation, -ment, or -tion usually just signal the word's part of speech. Mastering common roots helps you decode unfamiliar words across many exam questions.
Question 10
Manager's email: The customer-service desk will be understaffed on Friday because two employees are attending required training.
What situation is described by understaffed?
- The desk will be supervised by lower-ranking staff members.
- The desk will have fewer workers than it needs. (correct answer)
- The desk will be moved to a lower floor.
- The desk workers will lack the required training.
Explanation: When a question asks you what a word describes, treat it as a vocabulary-in-context question. Your job is to break the word apart and use the passage's details to confirm its meaning.
Take the word understaffed. You can split it into two parts: the prefix under-, which means "not enough" or "below what's needed," and staffed, which relates to having workers or staff. Put them together, and understaffed means "not having enough staff." The passage reinforces this directly — two employees will be absent because of training, leaving the desk short-handed. That points clearly to B: the desk will have fewer workers than it needs.
The other choices reflect common traps. A suggests the desk will be supervised by lower-ranking staff, likely because you see the word "under" and think of rank or hierarchy — but "under" here refers to quantity, not status. C claims the desk will be moved to a lower floor, which misreads "under" as a physical location rather than a word prefix with a specific meaning. D says workers will lack required training, which is an easy trap because the passage does mention training — but that detail explains why the desk is understaffed, not what understaffed itself means.
A useful strategy: when you see a question about what a word means or describes, always try to break the word into parts (prefix, root, suffix) and then check the passage for context clues that support your interpretation. Don't let surrounding details pull you toward an answer that describes the situation rather than the word itself.