All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Identify the best central-idea statement: “Pollution harms rivers” or “River pollution is rising.”
Answer: “Pollution harms rivers.”. First makes a claim; second just states a fact.
Flashcard 2: Identify the most objective phrasing: “The author foolishly argues…” or “The author argues…”
Answer: “The author argues…”. Removing "foolishly" eliminates the biased judgment.
Flashcard 3: Which option is a supporting detail rather than a central idea: “Many bees died” or “Pesticides threaten bees.”
Answer: “Many bees died.”. First is specific evidence; second is the broader claim.
Flashcard 4: Identify the best objective-summary word choice: “unfair” or “unequal.”
Answer: “Unequal.”. "Unfair" shows bias; "unequal" states fact neutrally.
Flashcard 5: Which option is NOT appropriate to include in an objective summary?
Answer: Personal opinions, emotional reactions, or unrelated background knowledge. Summaries must remain neutral and text-based only.
Flashcard 6: Which kind of sentence is most likely to state a central idea directly?
Answer: A thesis-like claim in the introduction or a topic sentence in a section. These sentences often state the main point explicitly.
Flashcard 7: What is the purpose of tracking central ideas by section or paragraph?
Answer: To see how each part adds new support or shifts emphasis. Tracking by section reveals how ideas build and change.
Flashcard 8: What is a reliable method for identifying two or more central ideas quickly?
Answer: Note repeated concepts and what each section mainly explains about them. Repetition and section focus reveal what matters most.
Flashcard 9: What is the definition of a key detail in informational text analysis?
Answer: A fact, example, or explanation that supports a central idea. Key details provide evidence that develops the main ideas.
Flashcard 10: What does it mean to analyze a central idea’s development over a text?
Answer: Trace how the idea is introduced, expanded, and refined by details. Development means tracking how an idea evolves through the text.
Flashcard 11: What is the definition of an objective summary?
Answer: A neutral restatement of key ideas and details without opinions. Objective means factual and unbiased, not influenced by feelings.
Flashcard 12: What is the difference between a topic and a central idea?
Answer: Topic is the subject; central idea is what the text says about it. Topic names what it's about; central idea makes a claim about that topic.
Flashcard 13: What is the definition of a central idea in an informational text?
Answer: A main message the author develops with key details across the text. Central ideas convey the author's main points, not just the topic.
Flashcard 14: Which option best shows development of an idea: “Introduced then supported” or “Repeated once”?
Answer: “Introduced then supported.”. Development requires progression, not just repetition.
Flashcard 15: Choose the best summary focus: include “major points” or include “minor examples.”
Answer: Include major points. Summaries prioritize main ideas over small details.
Flashcard 16: Identify the best central-idea claim: “Schools should start later” or “One student was tired.”
Answer: “Schools should start later.”. First is a general claim; second is one specific instance.
Flashcard 17: Which revision makes this more objective: “This proves the plan is terrible” to what?
Answer: “This suggests the plan may have drawbacks.”. "May have" is neutral; "terrible" shows strong bias.
Flashcard 18: Which option best shows two central ideas rather than one: “Causes and effects” or “Only effects”?
Answer: “Causes and effects.”. Two distinct concepts show multiple central ideas.
Flashcard 19: Which statement best describes how a summary should treat minor details?
Answer: Omit minor or repetitive details unless they are essential to meaning. Focus on main ideas, not every small detail.
Flashcard 20: What should you avoid including in an objective summary of a text?
Answer: Personal opinions, judgments, and unsupported interpretations. Stay neutral and stick to the author's actual claims.
Flashcard 21: What is the best way to confirm that a proposed central idea is valid?
Answer: Check that multiple key details across the text support it. Central ideas have widespread textual support.
Flashcard 22: What is a common sign that an idea is only a supporting detail, not central?
Answer: It appears briefly and does not shape the text's overall message. Central ideas recur and connect to the whole text.
Flashcard 23: Which option best states an objective summary rule in one sentence?
Answer: Include central ideas and key evidence, and keep a neutral tone. This formula captures all key summary elements.
Flashcard 24: Identify the best central idea statement: 'Pollution' or 'Pollution harms rivers and communities.'
Answer: Pollution harms rivers and communities. Central ideas make complete claims, not just name topics.
Flashcard 25: Which phrase is most objective for a summary: 'shockingly unfair' or 'unequal access'?
Answer: Unequal access. Avoid emotional language in objective summaries.
Flashcard 26: Identify the best summary opening for an article: 'This text proves...' or 'The article explains...'.
Answer: The article explains... 'Proves' shows bias; 'explains' stays neutral.
Flashcard 27: Which option is a central idea (not a detail): 'Many teens sleep 6 hours' or 'Sleep affects teen health and learning.'
Answer: Sleep affects teen health and learning. Central ideas are broad claims, not specific facts.
Flashcard 28: Identify the most objective sentence for a summary: 'The author is wrong about...' or 'The author argues that...'.
Answer: The author argues that... Report what the author says without judging it.
Flashcard 29: Which option best shows development of a central idea: 'It is mentioned once' or 'It is expanded with examples and reasons'?
Answer: It is expanded with examples and reasons. Development means the idea grows throughout the text.
Flashcard 30: Identify the best concluding sentence for an objective summary: 'I agree with this view' or 'Overall, the text shows...'.
Answer: Overall, the text shows... Summaries report content, not personal reactions.