All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What happens to particle spacing when thermal energy (heat) is added?
Answer: Particles spread farther apart (expand). Faster particles need more space between them.
Flashcard 2: What happens to particle motion when thermal energy is removed (cooling)?
Answer: Particles move slower. Less thermal energy means less particle movement.
Flashcard 3: Identify the change of state when particles gain energy and a solid becomes a liquid.
Answer: Melting. Heat breaks particles free from fixed positions.
Flashcard 4: What is matter, in science, as used when modeling particles?
Answer: Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume). Matter is physical substance with measurable properties.
Flashcard 5: What is a particle model of matter?
Answer: A model showing matter as tiny particles too small to see. Represents all matter as made of invisible, tiny particles.
Flashcard 6: What does the particle model say about the empty space in matter?
Answer: There is space between particles, even in solids. Particles don't touch; gaps exist in all matter.
Flashcard 7: Which state of matter has particles packed tightly in fixed positions?
Answer: Solid. Particles vibrate but can't change positions.
Flashcard 8: Identify the change of state when particles lose energy and a liquid becomes a solid.
Answer: Freezing. Cooling locks particles into fixed positions.
Flashcard 9: Identify the change of state when particles gain energy and a liquid becomes a gas.
Answer: Evaporation (or boiling). Heat gives particles energy to escape liquid bonds.
Flashcard 10: Identify the change of state when particles lose energy and a gas becomes a liquid.
Answer: Condensation. Cooling brings gas particles close enough to bond.
Flashcard 11: Which state of matter has particles close together that slide past one another?
Answer: Liquid. Particles can flow while staying in contact.
Flashcard 12: Which state of matter has particles far apart and moving freely?
Answer: Gas. Particles have maximum space and freedom to move.
Flashcard 13: What is the main particle-motion difference between solids and liquids?
Answer: Solids vibrate in place; liquids move and slide past each other. Fixed vs. flowing positions distinguish these states.
Flashcard 14: What is the main particle-motion difference between liquids and gases?
Answer: Liquids stay close; gases spread out and move freely. Distance between particles defines these states.
Flashcard 15: What happens to particle speed when thermal energy (heat) is added?
Answer: Particles move faster. Heat energy increases particle kinetic energy.
Flashcard 16: Which state of matter has particles far apart and moving freely in all directions?
Answer: Gas. Particles have maximum kinetic energy and separation.
Flashcard 17: What does the particle model say about particle motion in all states of matter?
Answer: Particles are always moving. Even in solids, particles vibrate constantly.
Flashcard 18: Which process is best modeled by particles spreading from high to low concentration?
Answer: Diffusion. Particles naturally move from crowded to less crowded areas.
Flashcard 19: What is meant by diffusion in the particle model?
Answer: Particles spread out and mix because they move randomly. Random motion causes particles to spread evenly.
Flashcard 20: What is one limitation of particle models such as dots or spheres?
Answer: They do not show the true size, number, or exact spacing of particles. Models are simplified representations, not exact replicas.
Flashcard 21: What is a model in science?
Answer: A representation used to explain or predict how something works. Models simplify complex systems for understanding.
Flashcard 22: Which state of matter has particles close together but able to slide past each other?
Answer: Liquid. Particles flow while maintaining contact with neighbors.
Flashcard 23: Which state of matter has particles packed closely in fixed positions?
Answer: Solid. Particles vibrate in place but cannot change positions.
Flashcard 24: What does the particle model say about the spaces between particles?
Answer: There are spaces between particles, even in solids. Empty space exists between all particles in any material.
Flashcard 25: What is the particle model of matter?
Answer: Matter is made of tiny particles too small to see directly. This fundamental principle explains all matter's structure.
Flashcard 26: What particle arrangement best explains why a solid keeps its shape?
Answer: Particles are tightly packed and held in fixed positions. Strong attractive forces prevent particle movement.
Flashcard 27: Which state of matter has particles far apart that move freely and fill the container?
Answer: Gas. Minimal forces let particles spread throughout available space.
Flashcard 28: Which state of matter has particles close together that slide past each other and flow?
Answer: Liquid. Weaker forces allow movement while maintaining contact.
Flashcard 29: Which state of matter has particles packed closely in fixed positions, vibrating in place?
Answer: Solid. Strong forces keep particles in rigid arrangements.
Flashcard 30: What does the particle model say about particle motion in matter?
Answer: Particles are always moving, even when the object looks still. This constant motion causes diffusion and explains temperature.