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4th Grade Writing

4th Grade Writing Quiz: Use Relative Pronouns Adverbs

Practice Use Relative Pronouns Adverbs in 4th Grade Writing with focused quiz questions that help you check what you know, review explanations, and build confidence with test-style prompts.

What this quiz covers

This quiz focuses on Use Relative Pronouns Adverbs, giving you a quick way to practice the rules, question types, and explanations that matter most for 4th Grade Writing.

How to use this quiz

Try each quiz question before looking at the correct answer. Use the explanations to review missed ideas, then come back to similar questions until the pattern feels familiar.

Question 1

Which word connects these ideas correctly? "Carlos brought his bike,   is blue."

  1. that
  2. which
  3. who
  4. why
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects information about Carlos's bike, which is a thing. The sentence is adding descriptive information (the color blue) about the bike, and we need a word that refers to this object. Choice B (which) is correct because WHICH refers to things and is used when adding extra, non-essential information about something already mentioned. We use WHICH after a comma when connecting additional descriptive information about a thing, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice C (who) represents using a person pronoun for a thing, which occurs when students don't distinguish between pronouns for people versus things. Using WHO doesn't work because WHO is for people, not objects like bikes. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Explain that WHICH often follows a comma for extra information. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. Watch for: using WHO for things, confusing WHICH and THAT usage (WHICH adds extra info, often with comma). Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('his bike, WHICH is blue' → 'his bike - it is blue').

Question 2

Which word best joins these clauses? "The reason   Maya stayed home was a fever."

  1. where
  2. why
  3. who
  4. which
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things, while relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative adverb connects information about a reason - explaining why Maya stayed home. The sentence is providing an explanation or cause, and we need a word that refers to a reason. Choice B (why) is correct because WHY connects information about the reason or cause for staying home. We use WHY when connecting a clause that explains a reason, which is exactly what this sentence needs after 'The reason.' Choice A (where) represents confusing reason with place, which occurs when students focus on concrete concepts (places) rather than abstract ones (reasons). Using WHERE doesn't work because WHERE refers to places, not reasons or explanations. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons. Create anchor chart with examples like 'The reason WHY she left' vs 'The place WHERE she went.' Practice identifying reason words (reason, cause, explanation) as signals for WHY. Watch for: using WHERE or WHEN instead of WHY, forgetting that 'the reason' signals WHY, difficulty with abstract concept of reasons. Have students test by asking 'For what reason?' ('The reason WHY Maya stayed home' → 'For what reason did Maya stay home? Because of a fever').

Question 3

Which relative pronoun should fill the blank? "The student   won the race is Jamal."

  1. which
  2. who
  3. where
  4. whose
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects information about a person (the student) who performed an action (won the race). The sentence is describing a specific student, and we need a word that refers to a person doing something. Choice B (who) is correct because WHO refers to the person who is doing the action of winning the race. We use WHO when connecting a clause about a person performing an action, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice A (which) represents using a pronoun for things instead of people, which occurs when students don't distinguish between pronouns for people vs things. Using WHICH doesn't work because WHICH is for things or animals, not people. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples like 'The boy WHO runs' vs 'The car WHICH moves.' Practice identifying what the pronoun refers to before choosing. Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time). Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The student WHO won' → 'The student - he won').

Question 4

Which word correctly completes the sentence? "Yuki likes the song   we sang in music."

  1. who
  2. where
  3. that
  4. when
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects information about the song, which is a thing. The sentence is describing a specific song that was sung in music class, and we need a word that refers to this object. Choice C (that) is correct because THAT refers to things and connects essential information identifying which specific song Yuki likes. We use THAT when connecting a clause about a thing with essential identifying information, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice A (who) represents using a person pronoun for a thing, which occurs when students don't distinguish between pronouns for people versus things. Using WHO doesn't work because WHO is for people, not objects like songs. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Emphasize that songs, books, movies are things that use THAT or WHICH. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. Watch for: using WHO for things like songs, confusing pronouns and adverbs, using WHERE for non-place things. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('the song THAT we sang' → 'the song - we sang it').

Question 5

Which word should replace the underlined word? "The park when we play tag is near Amir's house."

  1. where
  2. why
  3. who
  4. which
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative adverb should connect information about a place, the park where we play tag. The sentence is describing the park's location near Amir's house, but the underlined 'when' incorrectly refers to time, and we need to replace it with a word for place. Choice A is correct because WHERE connects information about the place. We use WHERE when connecting a clause about a location, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice B represents the error of using a reason adverb for place, which occurs when students confuse adverb types. Using WHY doesn't work because why refers to reasons not places. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The park WHERE we play' → 'The park - we play there').

Question 6

How should these sentences be combined? "I know a teacher. He helps Amir."

  1. I know a teacher where helps Amir.
  2. I know a teacher who helps Amir.
  3. I know a teacher whose helps Amir.
  4. I know a teacher which helps Amir.
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word to combine two sentences. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHERE for places, WHOSE for possession, WHICH for things. When combining sentences, we replace the repeated noun or pronoun with the appropriate relative word. In this sentence combination, we're connecting information about a person (teacher) who performs an action (helps Amir). The second sentence 'He helps Amir' needs to be connected using a pronoun that refers to a person doing something. Choice B (who) is correct because WHO refers to the person (teacher) who is doing the action of helping. We use WHO when the person is the subject performing an action, which perfectly combines 'a teacher' with 'He helps.' Choice A (where) represents using a place adverb for a person, which occurs when students randomly select relative words without considering what they refer to. Using WHERE doesn't work because WHERE is for places, not people. To help students: Teach sentence combining strategy - identify what's being connected (person/thing/place), then choose the matching relative word. Create anchor chart with combining examples: 'I know a girl. She sings.' → 'I know a girl WHO sings.' Practice underlining what the pronoun replaces before choosing. Watch for: using WHERE for people, using WHICH for people, confusing WHOSE (possessive) with WHO (subject). Have students check by substituting back ('I know a teacher WHO helps' → 'I know a teacher. He helps.').

Question 7

Which word should replace the underlined word? "The park when we play soccer is behind the school."

  1. where
  2. when
  3. why
  4. which
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative adverb connects information about a place, the park, where soccer is played. The sentence is describing the park's location and activity, and we need to replace 'when' with a word that refers to a place. Choice A is correct because WHERE connects information about the place. We use WHERE when connecting a clause about a location, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice B represents using the wrong adverb for place vs time, which occurs when students confuse time and place. Using WHEN doesn't work because when refers to times not places. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The girl WHO won' → 'The girl - she won').

Question 8

Which word best joins these clauses? "Do you remember the day   we met Mr. Chen?"

  1. where
  2. whose
  3. when
  4. which
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative adverb connects information about a time, the day, when the meeting occurred. The sentence is asking about remembering a specific day, and we need a word that refers to a time. Choice C is correct because WHEN connects information about the time. We use WHEN when connecting a clause about a moment or period, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice A represents confusing place with time, which occurs when students confuse adverb types. Using WHERE doesn't work because where refers to places not times. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The girl WHO won' → 'The girl - she won').

Question 9

Which relative pronoun should fill the blank: “The boy   backpack is green is Jamal”?

  1. whose
  2. who
  3. where
  4. which
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects information about possession - specifically, whose backpack belongs to whom. The sentence is describing a boy and identifying him by his green backpack. Choice A (whose) is correct because WHOSE shows possession and connects information about who owns the backpack. We use WHOSE when connecting a clause about possession or ownership, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice B (who) represents confusing subject pronouns with possessive pronouns, which occurs when students don't distinguish between pronouns for people doing actions versus showing ownership. Using 'who' doesn't work because it refers to people performing actions, not showing possession. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples like 'The girl WHOSE book is red' vs 'The girl WHO reads books'. Practice identifying whether the pronoun shows action or possession. Watch for: confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), using WHERE for possession, forgetting that WHOSE shows ownership. Have students ask 'Does this show who owns something?' to check for WHOSE.

Question 10

Which relative pronoun should fill the blank? "The girl   backpack is purple is Sofia."

  1. whose
  2. who
  3. that
  4. when
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. The correct choice depends on whether you're showing action, possession, or describing things. In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects information about possession - the backpack belongs to the girl. The sentence is describing which girl by identifying something she owns, and we need a word that shows possession. Choice A (whose) is correct because WHOSE shows possession - the backpack belongs to the girl. We use WHOSE when connecting a clause about something someone owns or possesses, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice B (who) represents confusing subject pronouns with possessive pronouns, which occurs when students don't recognize that ownership requires a special form. Using WHO doesn't work because WHO is for people doing actions, not showing possession. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people doing things, WHOSE for showing ownership, WHICH/THAT for things. Create anchor chart with examples like 'The boy WHOSE dog barks' vs 'The boy WHO has a dog.' Practice identifying possession clues (apostrophe s, belongs to, owns). Watch for: using WHO instead of WHOSE for possession, confusing WHOSE (possessive) with WHO'S (who is), forgetting that WHOSE can refer to things too. Have students test by adding 'belongs to' ('The girl whose backpack' → 'The girl - the backpack belongs to her').

Question 11

Which word best joins these clauses: “This is the park   we practice soccer”?

  1. when
  2. where
  3. who
  4. that
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY), while relative pronouns connect information about people or things. The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative adverb connects information about a place (the park) where an activity happens. The sentence is describing a specific park by telling what happens there. Choice B (where) is correct because WHERE connects information about the place where we practice soccer. We use WHERE when connecting a clause about a location or place, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice D (that) represents using a relative pronoun instead of a relative adverb, which occurs when students don't recognize that the sentence is describing a place. Using 'that' could work grammatically but 'where' is more precise for places. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with place examples: 'The school WHERE we learn', 'The store WHERE Mom shops'. Practice asking 'Is this about a place, time, or reason?' For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHEN for places, using WHO for places, or defaulting to THAT for everything. Have students test by asking 'Can I say AT/IN this place?' - if yes, use WHERE.

Question 12

Which word correctly completes the sentence? "The reason   Carlos is smiling is his good grade."

  1. why
  2. where
  3. who
  4. whose
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative adverb connects information about a reason for Carlos smiling. The sentence is explaining the cause of the smile, and we need a word that refers to a reason. Choice A is correct because WHY connects information about the reason. We use WHY when connecting a clause about an explanation or cause, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice B represents confusing place with reason, which occurs when students mix up adverb types. Using WHERE doesn't work because where refers to places not reasons. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The girl WHO won' → 'The girl - she won').

Question 13

Which word correctly completes the sentence? "My backpack,   is covered in stickers, is easy to spot."

  1. that
  2. which
  3. who
  4. why
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects non-essential information about a thing, the backpack, which is covered in stickers. The sentence is describing an additional detail about the backpack, set off by commas, and we need a word that refers to a thing in a non-restrictive clause. Choice B is correct because WHICH refers to the thing in a non-essential clause. We use WHICH when connecting a clause about a thing with extra information, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice A represents using THAT for non-essential clauses, which occurs when students forget THAT is for essential information. Using THAT doesn't work because that is for restrictive clauses without commas. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The girl WHO won' → 'The girl - she won').

Question 14

Which word correctly completes the sentence? "Find the marker   has a blue cap."

  1. that
  2. who
  3. when
  4. what
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects information about a thing, the marker that has a blue cap. The sentence is instructing to find a specific marker based on its feature, and we need a word that refers to an object. Choice A is correct because THAT refers to the thing with essential information. We use THAT when connecting a clause about a thing with necessary details, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice B represents the error of using a people pronoun for things, which occurs when students don't distinguish between pronouns for people vs things. Using WHO doesn't work because who is for people not objects. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The marker THAT has' → 'The marker - it has').

Question 15

Which word correctly completes the sentence? "This is the library   Maya checks out books."​

  1. when
  2. where
  3. who
  4. that
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative adverb connects information about a place, the library, where the action happens. The sentence is identifying the library as the location for checking out books, and we need a word that refers to a place. Choice B is correct because WHERE connects information about the place. We use WHERE when connecting a clause about a location, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice A represents confusing time with place, which occurs when students mix up adverb types. Using WHEN doesn't work because when refers to times not places. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The girl WHO won' → 'The girl - she won').

Question 16

Which relative pronoun should fill the blank? "Maya met a girl   brother is in band."

  1. who
  2. that
  3. whose
  4. where
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects information about the girl, specifically about something that belongs to her (her brother). The sentence is describing a girl by mentioning her brother's activity, and we need a word that shows possession. Choice C (whose) is correct because WHOSE shows possession and connects information about what belongs to the girl (her brother). We use WHOSE when connecting a clause that shows ownership or relationship, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice A (who) represents confusing subject pronouns with possessive pronouns, which occurs when students don't recognize the need to show ownership. Using WHO doesn't work because WHO is for people doing actions, not for showing possession. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession/ownership, WHICH/THAT for things. Create anchor chart with examples: 'the girl WHOSE brother' (possession), 'the girl WHO plays' (action). Practice identifying whether the sentence shows action or ownership. Watch for: using WHO instead of WHOSE for possession, forgetting that WHOSE shows ownership, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive). Have students check by asking 'Does something belong to this person?' If yes, use WHOSE.

Question 17

Which word should replace the underlined word? "The park when we play soccer is near Emma's house."

  1. where
  2. who
  3. why
  4. whose
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY), and students must recognize when the wrong adverb is used. The correct choice depends on identifying what type of information is being connected - place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the underlined word WHEN incorrectly connects information about the park, which is a place. The sentence is describing a location where soccer is played, not a time, so WHEN needs to be replaced with the appropriate place adverb. Choice A (where) is correct because WHERE connects information about the place in which the action of playing soccer occurs. We use WHERE when connecting a clause about a location, and since 'park' is a place, WHERE is the appropriate replacement for the incorrect WHEN. Choice C (why) represents choosing another incorrect adverb type, which occurs when students don't identify that 'park' refers to a place. Using WHY doesn't work because WHY is for reasons, not places. To help students: Teach error correction strategy - identify what the word refers to (park = place), then choose the matching adverb type. Create practice with incorrectly used relative words. Practice categorizing nouns as person/thing/place/time/reason before choosing relative words. Watch for: not recognizing the error, choosing another wrong adverb type, confusion between all three adverb types. Have students underline the noun being described and ask 'Is this a place, time, or reason?' to guide correction.

Question 18

How should these sentences be combined? "I know a coach. He teaches Keisha soccer."

  1. I know a coach when he teaches Keisha soccer.
  2. I know a coach whose teaches Keisha soccer.
  3. I know a coach who teaches Keisha soccer.
  4. I know a coach which teaches Keisha soccer.
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence combining task, the relative pronoun connects information about a person, the coach who teaches Keisha soccer. The sentences are merging to describe the coach by his action, and we need a word that refers to a person as subject. Choice C is correct because WHO refers to the person doing the action of teaching. We use WHO when connecting a clause about a person, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice D represents the error of using a thing pronoun for people, which occurs when students don't distinguish between pronouns for people vs things. Using WHICH doesn't work because which is for things not people. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('A coach WHO teaches' → 'A coach - he teaches').

Question 19

Which word correctly completes the sentence? "The student   won the art contest is Sofia."

  1. which
  2. who
  3. where
  4. it
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects information about a person, the student who won the art contest, identifying Sofia. The sentence is describing a specific student based on an achievement, and we need a word that refers to a person performing an action. Choice B is correct because WHO refers to the person who is doing the action of winning. We use WHO when connecting a clause about a person as the subject, which is exactly what this sentence needs. Choice A represents the error of using a pronoun for things instead of people, which occurs when students don't distinguish between pronouns for people vs things. Using WHICH doesn't work because which is for things not people. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The student WHO won' → 'The student - she won').

Question 20

Which word correctly completes the sentence? "Sofia has a dog   tail wags fast."​

  1. who
  2. which
  3. whose
  4. where
Explanation: This question tests CCSS.L.4.1.a: using relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) correctly. Students must choose the appropriate relative word based on what it refers to. Relative pronouns connect information about people or things: WHO for people doing actions, WHOSE for possession, WHICH or THAT for things or animals. Relative adverbs connect information about places (WHERE), times (WHEN), or reasons (WHY). The correct choice depends on whether you're adding information about a person, thing, place, time, or reason. In this sentence, the relative pronoun connects information about possession related to the dog's tail. The sentence is describing Sofia's dog and its tail's action, and we need a word that shows possession. Choice C is correct because WHOSE shows possession. We use WHOSE when connecting a clause about ownership or belonging, which is exactly what this sentence needs for the animal. Choice A represents confusing possession with subject action, which occurs when students forget about possession vs subject. Using WHO doesn't work because who is for people doing actions, not for possession. To help students: Teach simple rules - WHO for people, WHICH/THAT for things, WHERE for places, WHEN for times, WHY for reasons, WHOSE for possession. Create anchor chart with examples. Practice identifying what the pronoun/adverb refers to before choosing. For sentence combining, ask 'What am I adding information about - a person, thing, place, time, or reason?' Watch for: using WHICH for people, confusing WHO (subject) and WHOSE (possessive), mixing up WHERE (place) and WHEN (time), forgetting that THAT works for things with essential information. Have students replace relative pronoun with what it refers to to check ('The girl WHO won' → 'The girl - she won').