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Example Questions
Example Question #71 : General Biology
Which of the following is not a function of progesterone during pregnancy?
Breast maturation in preparation for lactation
Increases the contractility of the uterus
Decreases maternal immune response to the fetus
Inhibits lactation during pregnancy
Breast maturation in preparation for lactation
Progesterone serves many functions in pregnancy. It prepares the endometrial lining for implantation of the embryo, it increases the contractility of the uterus, it inhibits lactation during pregnancy, and it is thought to reduce maternal immune response to the developing fetus. Breast enlargement and maturation in preparation for lactation is facilitated by estrogen, rather than progesterone.
Example Question #72 : General Biology
Which of the following proteins initiates male sexual development in utero?
Testosterone-sensitizing protein
Masculinization factor
Male-determining protein
Testis-determining factor
Testis-determining factor
Testis-determining factor, also known as sex-determining region Y (SRY) protein, is a sex-determining gene found exclusively on the Y-chromosome in humans. It's transcription triggers the development of male sexual characteristics in the developing fetus.
Example Question #73 : General Biology
The Sertoli cells of the testes secrete all of the following except __________.
Androgen binding protein
Estradiol
Anti-Müllerian hormone
All of these are secreted by the Sertoli cells
All of these are secreted by the Sertoli cells
The Sertoli cells of the testes are responsible for the secretion of many substances, including anti-Müllerian hormone, androgen binding protein, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and estradiol.
Example Question #74 : General Biology
Which of the following is the term used to describe the post-ejaculatory transformation of sperm via enzymes in the uterus and seminal fluid?
Decapitation
Spermatazoal maturation
Penultimation
Capacitation
Capacitation
The process by which post-ejaculatory sperm is rendered fully mature and capable of fertilization of an ovum is called capacitation. This is where enzymes within the uterus are able to partially degrade the acrosome, the cap surrounding the head of the spermatazoa, allowing it to bind with and eventually penetrate the zona pellucida of the egg.
Example Question #75 : General Biology
Which of the following minerals stabilizes sperm cell chromatin?
Magnesium
Manganese
Zinc
Copper
Zinc
The stability of sperm cell chromatin is dependent on zinc. Zinc deficiency can cause sperm to be fragile, which in turn lowers sperm count and decreases male fertility.
Example Question #75 : General Biology
The average ejaculate contains how many sperm?
50 - 100 million
100 - 400 million
500 - 800 million
700-900 million
100 - 400 million
Male ejaculate can contain any where from 40 million to 1 billion sperm, though the average ejaculate contains between 100 and 400 million.
Example Question #76 : General Biology
What is the main source of energy for sperm cells in ejaculate?
Starch
Fructose
Sucrose
Galactose
Fructose
The primary energy source of spermatozoa is fructose, produced by the seminal vesicle along with multiple amino acids, vitamin C, enzimes, and flavin.
Example Question #77 : General Biology
Where are mature spermatozoa stored before ejaculation?
In the epididymis
In the vas deferens
In the seminiferous tubules
In the seminal vesicles
In the epididymis
Fully formed spermatozoa from the seminal vesicles are transported to the epididymis, where they are stored for 2-3 months. During ejaculation, stored sperm are moved from the lower epididymis via peristaltic action of the muscle layers of the vas deferens, mixed with various fluids to form semen.
Example Question #78 : General Biology
Which of the following structures produces the fluids that combine with sperm to form semen?
All of these are correct
The seminal vesicles
The bulbourethral gland
The prostate
All of these are correct
Seminal fluid is formed by several glands: the prostate contributes proteolytic enzymes, citric acid, acid phosphatase, zinc, fibrinolysin, and prostate specific antigen. The seminal vesicles contribute various flavins, fructose, and amino acids. The bulbourethral glands secrete a mucus that allows the semen to travel rapidly through the urethra, potentially aiding its route toward the cervix.
Example Question #71 : General Biology
What is the reproductive function of the prostate?
Production of fructose
Lubrication of the urethra
Aids in sperm production
Alkalinization of the semen
Alkalinization of the semen
The prostate, a fleshy endocrine gland inferior to the outlet of the male bladder, secretes a slightly alkaline milky fluid that makes up one third of the volume of semen. This alkalinity helps neutralize the acid environment of the vagina, increasing the likelihood of conception. Lubrication of the urethra is provided by the bulbourethral gland, while fructose is produced within the seminal vesicles. The prostate does not take part in sperm production.