SAT II Biology M : Cell Biology
Study concepts, example questions & explanations for SAT II Biology M
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Example Questions
Example Question #1 : Cell Cycle
During the eukaryotic cell cycle, what is the function of the G2 checkpoint?
Ensures that the cell has matured to a sufficient state before beginning synthesis.
Initiates the cell division process if conditions are favorable.
Prevents cells from undergoing mitosis until all chromosomes have completely replicated and any DNA damage has been repaired.
Prevents sister chromatids from separating before each chromatid is secured to a spindle microtubule.
Ensures that each daughter cell has received the correct number of chromatids after cell division.
Prevents cells from undergoing mitosis until all chromosomes have completely replicated and any DNA damage has been repaired.
The G2 checkpoint of cell division prevents the cell from entering the mitotic or dividing phase until all chromosomes have accurately been replicated. Other answers: "Prevents sister chromatids from separating before each chromatid is secured to a spindle microtubule" refers to the spindle or M checkpoint. "Initiates the cell division process if conditions are favorable" and "Ensures that the cell has matured to a sufficient state before beginning synthesis" refer to functions of the restrictive or G1 checkpoint. "Ensures that each daughter cell has received the correct number of chromatids after cell division" is incorrect since there is no checkpoint in cell division to error check the results of mitosis.
Example Question #21 : Cell Biology
Which three phases are included in Interphase?
G0, S, and G1
M, S, and G
G1, S, and G2
M, G0, S
G0, G1, and G2
G1, S, and G2
During interphase, you have G1, or gap 1, in which the cell grows. Then you have S phase, in which the cell synthesizes its DNA. Finally, you have G2, or gap 2, in which the cell continues to grow again.
Example Question #22 : Cell Biology
Which of the following types of transport require ATP?
The Na+/K+ pump releasing 3 sodium ions outside of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell
Sodium ions moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a voltage-gated sodium channel
Water moving from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
Glucose moving into the cell, down its concentration gradient, through a channel
Water moving down its concentration gradient through an aquaporin
The Na+/K+ pump releasing 3 sodium ions outside of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell
The Na+/K+ pump is active transport and therefore requires ATP. Since the pump is moving ions against its concentration gradient, it requires ATP to change the conformation of the pump to release the ions. All of the other forms of transport are either diffusion (moving down its concentration gradient) or facilitated diffusion (moving down its concentration gradient with the help of a channel or carrier).
Good tip: Pumps are used for active transport while carrier proteins or channels are used for facilitated diffusion which is a type of passive transport.
Example Question #23 : Cell Biology
All of the following are a part of the Cell Theory EXCEPT __________.
the cell is the basic building block of life
cells carry genetic information
cells arise from nonliving substances
all living things are made up of cells
the chemical reactions necessary for life take place in the cell
cells arise from nonliving substances
Cells do not arise from nonliving substances, though scientists used to believe they did. Through several experiments by many different scientists, it became clear that indeed all cells arise from preexisting cells.
Example Question #24 : Cell Biology
All of following are true of cellular respiration EXCEPT __________.
cellular respiration is an anaerobic process
cellular respiration yields 36–38 ATP
oxygen is the final electron acceptor
cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondrion
cellular respiration is the most efficient way to harvest energy from glucose
cellular respiration is an anaerobic process
Cellular respiration is NOT an anaerobic process. It is exactly the opposite! Cellular respiration uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor making it an aerobic process. Anaerobic process do not use oxygen.
Example Question #2 : Cellular Respiration
For each molecule of glucose, how many ATP are produced by the Citric Acid Cycle?
6 ATP
4 ATP
2 ATP
3 ATP
1 ATP
2 ATP
Each molecule of glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules. Each of these pyruvate molecules go through the citric acid cycle and produce 1 ATP each, resulting in 2 ATP total.
Example Question #3 : Cellular Respiration
How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule in anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration takes place when oxygen is low, such as when lactic acid fermentation takes place in human muscle tissue. This can be painful and cause some of the cramps experienced during intense exercise. Anaerobic respiration is much less efficient at producing ATP than aerobic respiration; it only produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule vs. 36 net ATP in aerobic respiration.
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