Practice Test 4

James-Lange theory: physiological arousal (trembling) is interpreted as fear, so bodily changes precede the conscious emotion.

Schachter-Singer theory: arousal plus a cognitive label creates fear, requiring situational interpretation rather than arousal alone.

Cannon-Bard theory: the brain produces conscious fear and bodily trembling simultaneously, not in a cause-then-feeling sequence.

Universal-expression principle: trembling and fear always match across cultures because facial expressions and responses are identical worldwide.